Human Papillomavirus

<p>Section 1: Early questions and their slow answers<br>1. Introduction: Implications and responses to a possible specific infectious cause for a solid cancer, approaches to proving the role of HPV, and exploring its potential uses against conventional medical practice<br>2. Cervical and other cancers now associated with HPV prior to recognition of HPV in cervical cancer<br>3. Cervical screening and its basis in ideas of precancer in classical microscopic pathology<br>4. The "discovery" of HPV I6 in cervical cancer and studies of its transforming role, P53 and pRB<br>5. Growing numbers of carcinogenic papillomaviruses and understanding of their differences<br>6. The impact of HPV on conventional morphological pathology of cancer and precancer. Bethesda classification, molecular markers relating morphology to molecular mechanisms<br>7. The proof of causality in humans<br>8. Progression from infection to cancer<br>9. Sexuality and HPV: sexual transmission, male role<br>10. Genital warts<br>11. HPV and non-cervical cancer<br>12. Immune responses, and antibodies to HPV, making viral antigens <br>13. Developing and standardising HPV tests<br>14. HPV and non-HPV pathways to cancer</p> <p>Section 2: Prevention of cancer and HPV infection<br>15. Introduction: Evidence-based medicine, HPV and cancer prevention<br>16. Triage of women with low-grade smear abnormalities and HPV testing, HC1 and 2, GP5+/6+, ALTS trial, Netherlands, other trials<br>17. Primary screening by HPV testing<br>18. Prophylactic vaccines, proving their value and the role and limitations of the pharmaceutical industry and its regulators, safety and efficacy<br>19. Modelling disease, prevention and cost-effectiveness – a developing process, different types of models, what does cost-effectiveness mean?<br>20. Changing global concerns about screening and vaccination</p>