Guidelines for Developing Quantitative Safety Risk Criteria

<p>Preface xiii</p>
<p>Acknowledgments xv</p>
<p>List of Tables xix</p>
<p>List of Figures xxi</p>
<p>Acronyms and Abbreviations xxv</p>
<p>Glossary xxix</p>
<p>1 INTRODUCTION 1</p>
<p>1.1 What is Risk? 1</p>
<p>1.2 Scope of these Guidelines 7</p>
<p>1.3 Objectives of these Guidelines 8</p>
<p>2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK CRITERIA 11</p>
<p>2.1 A Brief History of Risk Assessment 11</p>
<p>2.2 The Qualitative Approach to Risk Assessment 15</p>
<p>2.3 Technical Aspects of QRA 21</p>
<p>2.4 Quantitative Risk Criteria 31</p>
<p>2.5 The Role of QRA and Risk Criteria 37</p>
<p>2.6 Risk Tolerance as a Function of Societal Values 39</p>
<p>2.7 Definition and Applications of the "As Low as Reasonably Practicable" (ALARP) Principle 44</p>
<p>2.8 Uncertainty and Its Impact on Risk Decision Making 46</p>
<p>3 LEARNING FROM REGULATORY PRECEDENTS 49</p>
<p>3.1 Why Study Risk Criteria? 49</p>
<p>3.2 The Evolution of Risk Criteria in the UK 51</p>
<p>3.3 The Evolution of Risk Criteria in the Netherlands 60</p>
<p>3.4 Comparison of Risk Criteria in the UK and the Netherlands 67</p>
<p>3.5 Learning from and Applying the Precedents 73</p>
<p>4 CONSIDERATIONS IN DEVELOPING RISK CRITERIA 79</p>
<p>4.1 Determine the Need to Establish Risk Criteria 80</p>
<p>4.2 Determine the Risks to be Addressed 82</p>
<p>4.3 Determine/Classify the Population to be Addressed 82</p>
<p>4.4 Determine Which Risk Criteria to Develop 84</p>
<p>4.5 Determine Whether Risk Criteria Will Distinguish Between New and Existing Facilities 85</p>
<p>4.6 Determine Philosophy for Continuing Risk Reduction 87</p>
<p>4.7 Develop Individual Risk Criteria 87</p>
<p>4.8 Develop Societal Risk Criteria 88</p>
<p>4.9 Qualifymalidate the Risk Criteria 88</p>
<p>4.10 Decide on a Philosophy for Apportioning and Scaling the Risk Criteria 91</p>
<p>4.11 Periodically Revalidate the Risk Criteria 98</p>
<p>4.12 Matching the Risk Criteria with the System and with the Risk Estimation Methodology 100</p>
<p>4.13 Risk Criteria in the Multinational Context 102</p>
<p>4.14 Consideration of Short DuratiodHigher Risk Activities 103</p>
<p>5 FUTURE TOPICS 105</p>
<p>5.1 Fostering the Application of Risk–Based Decision Making 105</p>
<p>5.2 Enhancing Risk Assessment Technology 106</p>
<p>Appendix A: Understanding and Using F–N Diagrams 109</p>
<p>Appendix B: Survey of Worldwide Risk Criteria Applications 119</p>
<p>Appendix C: Development of Company Risk Criteria 171</p>
<p>REFERENCES 191</p>
<p>INDEX 207</p>