Sustainable Facades – Design Methods for High–Performance Building Envelopes

<p>Figure Credits ix</p>
<p>Acknowledgments xi</p>
<p>Introduction xiii</p>
<p>Chapter 1 Climate–Based Design Approach for Facades 1</p>
<p>Climate Classifications and Types 3</p>
<p>Climate–Specific Design Guidelines for Facades 8</p>
<p>Environmental Considerations and Design Criteria 8</p>
<p>Design Strategies and Climate 9</p>
<p>Chapter Summary 14</p>
<p>Chapter 2 Characteristics of Sustainable Facades 17</p>
<p>Energy Efficiency 18</p>
<p>Orientation 19</p>
<p>Fenestration 24</p>
<p>Facade Types and Materials 40</p>
<p>Opaque Building Facades 40</p>
<p>Glazed Building Facades 48</p>
<p>Materials and Properties 54</p>
<p>Properties of Facade Materials and Components 54</p>
<p>Embodied Energy of Materials 62</p>
<p>Thermal Behavior and Moisture Resistance 66</p>
<p>Control of Heat Transfer, and Air and Moisture Movement 66</p>
<p>Steady–State Heat and Moisture Transfer Analysis for Opaque Building Facades 69</p>
<p>Hygrothermal Analysis for Opaque Building Facades 74</p>
<p>Heat Transfer Analysis for Glazed Building Facades 79</p>
<p>Chapter Summary 83</p>
<p>Chapter 3 Designing for Comfort 85</p>
<p>Thermal Comfort 86</p>
<p>Methods of Measurement 87</p>
<p>Facade Design and Thermal Comfort 91</p>
<p>Daylight and Glare 95</p>
<p>Daylighting Strategies 95</p>
<p>Glare 109</p>
<p>Acoustic Comfort and Air Quality 115</p>
<p>Acoustics 115</p>
<p>Air Quality 118</p>
<p>Chapter Summary 119</p>
<p>Chapter 4 Emerging Technologies in Facade Designs 121</p>
<p>Emerging Materials and Technologies 122</p>
<p>Advanced Facade Materials 122</p>
<p>Smart Materials 126</p>
<p>Double–Skin Facades 135</p>
<p>Double–Skin Facades in Hot and Arid Climates 141</p>
<p>Double–Skin Facades in Cold Climates 143</p>
<p>Facades as Energy Generators 149</p>
<p>Control Systems for Facades 153</p>
<p>Chapter Summary 155</p>
<p>Chapter 5 Case Studies 157</p>
<p>Building Orientation and Facade Design 159</p>
<p>Arizona State University Interdisciplinary Science &amp; Technology Building 159</p>
<p>Center for Urban Waters 167</p>
<p>Tectonic Sun Exposure Control 178</p>
<p>Kuwait University College of Education 178</p>
<p>King Abdullah Financial District Parcel 4.01 Building 186</p>
<p>King Abdullah Financial District Parcel 4.10 Building 200</p>
<p>External Shading Elements 211</p>
<p>University of Texas Dallas Student Services Building 211</p>
<p>Facade Materials and Wall Assemblies 218</p>
<p>Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences 218</p>
<p>Appendix Case Studies Index 227</p>
<p>Chapter 2 228</p>
<p>Case Study 2.1: Vincent Triggs Elementary School, Clark County Elementary Prototype (Las Vegas, Nevada) 228</p>
<p>Case Study 2.2: Hector Garcia Middle School (Dallas, Texas) 228</p>
<p>Case Study 2.3: Kendal Academic Support Center, Miami Dade College (Miami, Florida) 229</p>
<p>Chapter 3 229</p>
<p>Case Study 3.1: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health (Atlanta, Georgia) 229</p>
<p>Chapter 4 230</p>
<p>Case Study 4.1: Princess Nora Bint Abdulrahman University for Women Academic Colleges (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) 230</p>
<p>Case Study 4.2: Tinkham Veale University Center, Case Western Reserve University (Cleveland, Ohio) 230</p>
<p>Chapter 5 231</p>
<p>Interdisciplinary Science &amp; Technology Building, Arizona State University (Tempe, Arizona) 231</p>
<p>Center for Urban Waters (Tacoma, Washington) 232</p>
<p>Kuwait University College of Education (Shadadiyah, Kuwait) 232</p>
<p>King Abdullah Financial District Parcel 4.01 Building (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) 233</p>
<p>King Abdullah Financial District Parcel 4.10 Building (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) 233</p>
<p>University of Texas Dallas Student Services Building (Dallas, Texas) 234</p>
<p>Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences (East Boothbay, Maine) 234</p>
<p>Index 235</p>