Brian Moss
Ecology of Freshwaters
Earth′s Bloodstream
Paperback Engels 2018 9781119239406Levertijd ± 8 werkdagen
Gratis verzonden
Samenvatting
The new edition of this established textbook, now with full colour illustration, has been extensively revised and continues to provide a comprehensive, stimulating, readable and authoritative coverage of freshwater habitats, their communities and their functioning, the world over. The work will be of great value to undergraduate and graduate students, fellow researchers and water managers, and the plain language and lack of jargon should make it accessible to anyone interested in the functioning and current state of lakes and rivers.
Having taught and researched over fifty years and six continents, Professor Brian Moss makes here extensive use of his personal experience as well as the huge literature now available on freshwaters. This is the fifth edition of his textbook, which, since the first edition in 1980, has steadily evolved to reflect a rapidly changing science and environment. It places increasing emphasis on the role of people in damaging and managing freshwaters as we move into the Anthropocene epoch and face unprecedented levels of climate and other changes, whilst rejoicing in the fascination of what are left of near pristine freshwater ecosystems.
Professor Moss retired from the University of Liverpool following a career in Africa, the USA and the UK. He was awarded medals by the International Society for Limnology, of which he was President from 2007 to 2013, and The Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management. He was given The Ecology Institute′s Excellence in Ecology Prize in 2009 and the book written for that prize, Liberation Ecology, was awarded the British Ecological Society′s best ecology book prize in 2013.
Specificaties
ISBN13:9781119239406
Taal:Engels
Bindwijze:paperback
Aantal pagina's:560
Uitgever:John Wiley & Sons
Verschijningsdatum:25-5-2018
Hoofdrubriek:Wetenschap en techniek
Lezersrecensies
Wees de eerste die een lezersrecensie schrijft!
Inhoudsopgave
Preface: why?
1 The world as it was and the world as it is
1.1 Early ecological history
1.2 The more recent past
1.3 Characteristics of freshwater organisms
1.4 Freshwater biodiversity
1.5 A spanner in the works?
1.6 Politics and pollution
1.7 On the nature of textbooks
1.8 Further reading
2 Early evolution and diversity of freshwater organisms
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The freshwater biota
2.3 Bacteria
2.4 The variety of bacteria
2.5 Viruses
2.6 Two sorts of cells
2.7 The diversity of microbial eukaryotes
2.8 Algae
2.9 Kingdoms of eukaryotes
2.10 Further reading
3 Diversity continued: multicellular organisms in freshwaters
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Osmoregulation
3.3 Reproduction, resting stages and aestivation
3.4 Getting enough oxygen
3.5 Insects
3.6 Big animals, air ]breathers and swamps
3.7 Dispersal among freshwaters
3.8 Patterns in freshwater diversity
3.9 Fish faunas
3.10 The fish of Lake Victoria
3.11 Overall diversity in freshwaters
3.12 Environmental DNA
3.13 Further reading
4 Water: a remarkable unremarkable substance
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The molecular properties of water and their physical consequences
4.3 Melting and evaporation
4.4 How much water is there and where is it?
4.5 Patterns in hydrology
4.6 Bodies of water and their temperatures
4.7 An overview of mixing patterns
4.8 Viscosity of water and fluid dynamics
4.9 Diffusion
4.10 Further reading
5 Water as a habitat: some background water chemistry
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Polar and covalent compounds
5.3 The atmosphere
5.4 Carbon dioxide
5.5 Major ions
5.6 The big picture
5.7 Further reading
1 The world as it was and the world as it is
1.1 Early ecological history
1.2 The more recent past
1.3 Characteristics of freshwater organisms
1.4 Freshwater biodiversity
1.5 A spanner in the works?
1.6 Politics and pollution
1.7 On the nature of textbooks
1.8 Further reading
2 Early evolution and diversity of freshwater organisms
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The freshwater biota
2.3 Bacteria
2.4 The variety of bacteria
2.5 Viruses
2.6 Two sorts of cells
2.7 The diversity of microbial eukaryotes
2.8 Algae
2.9 Kingdoms of eukaryotes
2.10 Further reading
3 Diversity continued: multicellular organisms in freshwaters
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Osmoregulation
3.3 Reproduction, resting stages and aestivation
3.4 Getting enough oxygen
3.5 Insects
3.6 Big animals, air ]breathers and swamps
3.7 Dispersal among freshwaters
3.8 Patterns in freshwater diversity
3.9 Fish faunas
3.10 The fish of Lake Victoria
3.11 Overall diversity in freshwaters
3.12 Environmental DNA
3.13 Further reading
4 Water: a remarkable unremarkable substance
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The molecular properties of water and their physical consequences
4.3 Melting and evaporation
4.4 How much water is there and where is it?
4.5 Patterns in hydrology
4.6 Bodies of water and their temperatures
4.7 An overview of mixing patterns
4.8 Viscosity of water and fluid dynamics
4.9 Diffusion
4.10 Further reading
5 Water as a habitat: some background water chemistry
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Polar and covalent compounds
5.3 The atmosphere
5.4 Carbon dioxide
5.5 Major ions
5.6 The big picture
5.7 Further reading
6 Key nutrients, trace elements and organic matter
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Concepts of limiting substances
6.3 Experiments on nutrient limitation
6.4 Nutrient supply and need
6.5 Phosphorus
6.6 Nitrogen
6.7 Pristine concentrations
6.8 Trace elements and silicon
6.9 Organic substances
6.10 Substance budgets and movements
6.11 Sediment–water relationships
6.12 Further reading
7 Light thrown upon the waters
7.1 Light
7.2 Effects of the atmosphere
7.3 From above to under the water
7.4 Remote sensing
7.5 Further reading
8 Headwater streams and rivers
8.1 Introduction
8.2 General models of stream ecosystems
8.3 The basics of stream flow
8.4 Flow and discharge
8.5 Laminar and turbulent flow
8.6 Particles carried
8.7 The response of stream organisms to shear stress
8.8 Community composition in streams
8.9 Algal and plant communities
8.10 Macroinvertebrates
8.11 Streams in different climates: the polar and alpine zones
8.12 Invertebrates of kryal streams
8.13 Food webs in cold streams
8.14 Stream systems in the cold ]temperate zone
8.15 Allochthonous sources of energy
8.16 Stream orders
8.17 The river continuum concept
8.18 Indirectly, wolves are stream animals too
8.19 Scarcity of nutrients
8.20 Warm ]temperate streams
8.21 Desert streams
8.22 Tropical streams
8.23 Further reading
9 Uses, misuses and restoration of headwater streams and rivers
9.1 Traditional use of headwater river systems
9.2 Deforestation
9.3 Acidification
9.4 Eutrophication
9.5 Commercial afforestation
9.6 Settlement
9.7 Engineering impacts
9.8 Alterations of the fish community and introduced species
9.9 Sewage and toxic pollution and their treatment
9.10 Diffuse pollution
9.11 River monitoring
9.12 The Water Framework Directive
9.13 Implementation of the Directive
9.14 Restoration and rehabilitation ecology
9.15 Further reading
10 Rich systems: floodplain rivers
10.1 Introduction
10.2 From an erosive river to a depositional one
10.3 Submerged plants
10.4 Growth of submerged plants
10.5 Methods of measuring the primary productivity of submerged plants
10.6 Enclosure methods
10.7 Other methods
10.8 Submerged plants and the river ecosystem
10.9 Farther downstream: swamps and floodplains
10.10 Productivity of swamps and floodplain marshes
10.11 Swamp soils and the fate of the high primary production
10.12 Oxygen supply and soil chemistry in swamps
10.13 Emergent plants and flooded soils
10.14 Swamp and marsh animals
10.15 Whitefish and blackfish
10.16 Latitudinal differences in floodplains
10.17 Polar floodplains
10.18 Cold ]temperate floodplains
10.19 Warm ]temperate floodplains
10.20 Tropical floodplains
10.21 The Sudd
10.22 Further reading
11 Floodplains and human affairs
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Floodplain services
11.3 Floodplain fisheries
11.4 Floodplain swamps and human diseases
11.5 Case studies: the Pongola River
11.6 River and floodplain management and rehabilitation
11.7 Mitigation: plant bed management in rivers
11.8 Enhancement
11.9 Rehabilitation
11.10 Inter ]basin transfers and water needs
11.11 Further reading
12 Lakes and other standing waters
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The origins of lake basins
12.3 Lake structure
12.4 The importance of the catchment area
12.5 Lakes as autotrophic or heterotrophic systems
12.6 The continuum of lakes
12.7 Lake history
12.8 Organic remains
12.9 General problems of interpretation of evidence from sediment cores
12.10 Two ancient lakes
12.11 Younger lakes
12.12 Filling in
12.13 Summing ]up
12.14 Further reading
13 The communities of shallow standing waters: mires, shallow lakes and the littoral zone
13.1 Introduction
13.2 What determines the nature of mires and littoral zones?
13.3 Temperature
13.4 Nutrients
13.5 Littoral communities in lakes
13.6 The structure of littoral communities
13.7 Periphyton
13.8 Heterotrophs among the plants
13.9 Neuston
13.10 Linkages, risks and insurances among the littoral communities
13.11 Latitude and littorals
13.12 The role of the nekton
13.13 Further reading
14 Plankton communities of the pelagic zone
14.1 Kitchens and toilets
14.2 Phytoplankton and sinking
14.3 Photosynthesis and growth of phytoplankton
14.4 Net production and growth
14.5 Nutrient uptake and growth rates of phytoplankton
14.6 Distribution of freshwater phytoplankton
14.7 Washout
14.8 Cyanobacterial blooms
14.9 Heterotrophs in the plankton: viruses and bacteria
14.10 The microbial pathway
14.11 Zooplankton
14.12 Grazing
14.13 Feeding and grazing rates of zooplankton
14.14 Competition and predation among grazers
14.15 Predation on zooplankters by invertebrates
14.16 Fishes in the open ]water community
14.17 Predation on the zooplankton and fish production
14.18 Avoidance of vertebrate predation by the zooplankton
14.19 Piscivores and piscivory
14.20 Functioning of the open ]water community
14.21 Polar lakes
14.22 Cold ]temperate lakes
14.23 Warm ]temperate lakes
14.24 Very warm lakes in the tropics
14.25 Further reading
15 The profundal zone and carbon storage
15.1 The end of the line
15.2 The importance of oxygen
15.3 Profundal communities
15.4 Biology of selected benthic invertebrates
15.5 What the sediment ]living detritivores really eat
15.6 Influence of the open ]water community on the profundal benthos
15.7 Sediment storage and the global carbon cycle
15.8 Further reading
16 Fisheries in standing waters
16.1 Some general principles
16.2 Some basic fish biology
16.3 Eggs
16.4 Feeding
16.5 Breeding
16.6 Choice of fish for a fishery
16.7 Measurement of fish production
16.8 Growth measurement
16.9 Fish production and commercial fisheries in lakes
16.10 Changes in fisheries: a case study
16.11 The East African Great Lakes
16.12 Fish culture
16.13 Stillwater angling
16.14 Amenity culture and the aquarium trade
16.15 Further reading
17 The uses, abuses and restoration of standing waters
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Services provided by standing waters
17.3 Domestic water supply, eutrophication and reservoirs
17.4 Eutrophication nutrient pollution
17.5 Dams and reservoirs
17.6 Fisheries in new lakes
17.7 Effects downstream of the new lake
17.8 New tropical lakes and human populations
17.9 Man ]made tropical lakes, the balance of pros and cons
17.10 Amenity and conservation
17.11 The alternative states model
17.12 Ponds
17.13 Restoration approaches for standing waters: symptom treatment
17.14 Treatment of proximate causes: nutrient control
17.15 Present supplies of phosphorus, their relative contributions and how they are related to the algal crop
17.16 Methods available for reducing total phosphorus loads
17.17 In ]lake methods
17.18 Complications for phosphorus control sediment sources
17.19 Nitrogen reduction
17.20 Habitat creation
17.21 Further reading
18 Climate change and the future of freshwaters
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Climate change
18.3 Existing effects of freshwaters
18.4 Future effects
18.5 Future effects on freshwaters
18.6 Switches and feedbacks
18.7 Wicked problems
18.8 Mitigation of global warming
18.9 The remedy of ultimate causes
18.10 Rewilding the world
18.11 Reforming governments
18.12 Further reading
References
Index
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Concepts of limiting substances
6.3 Experiments on nutrient limitation
6.4 Nutrient supply and need
6.5 Phosphorus
6.6 Nitrogen
6.7 Pristine concentrations
6.8 Trace elements and silicon
6.9 Organic substances
6.10 Substance budgets and movements
6.11 Sediment–water relationships
6.12 Further reading
7 Light thrown upon the waters
7.1 Light
7.2 Effects of the atmosphere
7.3 From above to under the water
7.4 Remote sensing
7.5 Further reading
8 Headwater streams and rivers
8.1 Introduction
8.2 General models of stream ecosystems
8.3 The basics of stream flow
8.4 Flow and discharge
8.5 Laminar and turbulent flow
8.6 Particles carried
8.7 The response of stream organisms to shear stress
8.8 Community composition in streams
8.9 Algal and plant communities
8.10 Macroinvertebrates
8.11 Streams in different climates: the polar and alpine zones
8.12 Invertebrates of kryal streams
8.13 Food webs in cold streams
8.14 Stream systems in the cold ]temperate zone
8.15 Allochthonous sources of energy
8.16 Stream orders
8.17 The river continuum concept
8.18 Indirectly, wolves are stream animals too
8.19 Scarcity of nutrients
8.20 Warm ]temperate streams
8.21 Desert streams
8.22 Tropical streams
8.23 Further reading
9 Uses, misuses and restoration of headwater streams and rivers
9.1 Traditional use of headwater river systems
9.2 Deforestation
9.3 Acidification
9.4 Eutrophication
9.5 Commercial afforestation
9.6 Settlement
9.7 Engineering impacts
9.8 Alterations of the fish community and introduced species
9.9 Sewage and toxic pollution and their treatment
9.10 Diffuse pollution
9.11 River monitoring
9.12 The Water Framework Directive
9.13 Implementation of the Directive
9.14 Restoration and rehabilitation ecology
9.15 Further reading
10 Rich systems: floodplain rivers
10.1 Introduction
10.2 From an erosive river to a depositional one
10.3 Submerged plants
10.4 Growth of submerged plants
10.5 Methods of measuring the primary productivity of submerged plants
10.6 Enclosure methods
10.7 Other methods
10.8 Submerged plants and the river ecosystem
10.9 Farther downstream: swamps and floodplains
10.10 Productivity of swamps and floodplain marshes
10.11 Swamp soils and the fate of the high primary production
10.12 Oxygen supply and soil chemistry in swamps
10.13 Emergent plants and flooded soils
10.14 Swamp and marsh animals
10.15 Whitefish and blackfish
10.16 Latitudinal differences in floodplains
10.17 Polar floodplains
10.18 Cold ]temperate floodplains
10.19 Warm ]temperate floodplains
10.20 Tropical floodplains
10.21 The Sudd
10.22 Further reading
11 Floodplains and human affairs
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Floodplain services
11.3 Floodplain fisheries
11.4 Floodplain swamps and human diseases
11.5 Case studies: the Pongola River
11.6 River and floodplain management and rehabilitation
11.7 Mitigation: plant bed management in rivers
11.8 Enhancement
11.9 Rehabilitation
11.10 Inter ]basin transfers and water needs
11.11 Further reading
12 Lakes and other standing waters
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The origins of lake basins
12.3 Lake structure
12.4 The importance of the catchment area
12.5 Lakes as autotrophic or heterotrophic systems
12.6 The continuum of lakes
12.7 Lake history
12.8 Organic remains
12.9 General problems of interpretation of evidence from sediment cores
12.10 Two ancient lakes
12.11 Younger lakes
12.12 Filling in
12.13 Summing ]up
12.14 Further reading
13 The communities of shallow standing waters: mires, shallow lakes and the littoral zone
13.1 Introduction
13.2 What determines the nature of mires and littoral zones?
13.3 Temperature
13.4 Nutrients
13.5 Littoral communities in lakes
13.6 The structure of littoral communities
13.7 Periphyton
13.8 Heterotrophs among the plants
13.9 Neuston
13.10 Linkages, risks and insurances among the littoral communities
13.11 Latitude and littorals
13.12 The role of the nekton
13.13 Further reading
14 Plankton communities of the pelagic zone
14.1 Kitchens and toilets
14.2 Phytoplankton and sinking
14.3 Photosynthesis and growth of phytoplankton
14.4 Net production and growth
14.5 Nutrient uptake and growth rates of phytoplankton
14.6 Distribution of freshwater phytoplankton
14.7 Washout
14.8 Cyanobacterial blooms
14.9 Heterotrophs in the plankton: viruses and bacteria
14.10 The microbial pathway
14.11 Zooplankton
14.12 Grazing
14.13 Feeding and grazing rates of zooplankton
14.14 Competition and predation among grazers
14.15 Predation on zooplankters by invertebrates
14.16 Fishes in the open ]water community
14.17 Predation on the zooplankton and fish production
14.18 Avoidance of vertebrate predation by the zooplankton
14.19 Piscivores and piscivory
14.20 Functioning of the open ]water community
14.21 Polar lakes
14.22 Cold ]temperate lakes
14.23 Warm ]temperate lakes
14.24 Very warm lakes in the tropics
14.25 Further reading
15 The profundal zone and carbon storage
15.1 The end of the line
15.2 The importance of oxygen
15.3 Profundal communities
15.4 Biology of selected benthic invertebrates
15.5 What the sediment ]living detritivores really eat
15.6 Influence of the open ]water community on the profundal benthos
15.7 Sediment storage and the global carbon cycle
15.8 Further reading
16 Fisheries in standing waters
16.1 Some general principles
16.2 Some basic fish biology
16.3 Eggs
16.4 Feeding
16.5 Breeding
16.6 Choice of fish for a fishery
16.7 Measurement of fish production
16.8 Growth measurement
16.9 Fish production and commercial fisheries in lakes
16.10 Changes in fisheries: a case study
16.11 The East African Great Lakes
16.12 Fish culture
16.13 Stillwater angling
16.14 Amenity culture and the aquarium trade
16.15 Further reading
17 The uses, abuses and restoration of standing waters
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Services provided by standing waters
17.3 Domestic water supply, eutrophication and reservoirs
17.4 Eutrophication nutrient pollution
17.5 Dams and reservoirs
17.6 Fisheries in new lakes
17.7 Effects downstream of the new lake
17.8 New tropical lakes and human populations
17.9 Man ]made tropical lakes, the balance of pros and cons
17.10 Amenity and conservation
17.11 The alternative states model
17.12 Ponds
17.13 Restoration approaches for standing waters: symptom treatment
17.14 Treatment of proximate causes: nutrient control
17.15 Present supplies of phosphorus, their relative contributions and how they are related to the algal crop
17.16 Methods available for reducing total phosphorus loads
17.17 In ]lake methods
17.18 Complications for phosphorus control sediment sources
17.19 Nitrogen reduction
17.20 Habitat creation
17.21 Further reading
18 Climate change and the future of freshwaters
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Climate change
18.3 Existing effects of freshwaters
18.4 Future effects
18.5 Future effects on freshwaters
18.6 Switches and feedbacks
18.7 Wicked problems
18.8 Mitigation of global warming
18.9 The remedy of ultimate causes
18.10 Rewilding the world
18.11 Reforming governments
18.12 Further reading
References
Index
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