<p>Table of Contents</p><p> </p><p>Title Page</p><p>Dedication</p><p>Preface</p><p>Acknowledgements</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Chapter 1. Introduction</p><p>1.1 Overview</p><p>1.2 Ethics and the IRB</p><p>1.3 IRB Process</p><p>1.4 Evaluating Biomedical Research</p><p>1.5 Consent in Biomedical Research </p><p>1.6 The Social Sciences</p><p>1.7 Biomedical Research Topics</p><p>1.8 FDA and OHRP</p><p>1.9 The Future</p><p> </p><p>Chapter 2. Ethics and the IRB</p><p>2.1 Your Influential Position</p><p>2.2 Evidence</p><p>2.3 Scandal</p><p>2.4 Research Ethics</p><p>2.4.1 Two Ethical Principles</p><p>2.4.2 Two Ethical Goals</p><p>2.4.3 Goals into Practice</p><p>2.4.4 Today’s Loss of Balance</p><p>2.4.5 It’s Always about People</p><p>2.5 Ethical Goals and Regulatory Means</p><p>2.5.1 Principles of Regulation</p><p>2.5.2 Organization and Legal Framework</p><p>2.6 Your IRB Service</p><p>2.6.1 Compensation</p><p>2.6.2 Protection from Lawsuits</p><p>2.6.3 The Community Member</p><p>2.7 The Triumph of Ethics Review</p><p> </p><p>Chapter 3. IRB Process</p><p>3.1 Principles</p><p>3.1.1 Respectfulness</p><p>3.1.2 Transparency</p><p>3.1.3 Efficiency</p><p>3.1.4 Clarity</p><p>3.1.5 Accountability</p><p>3.1.6 Judiciousness</p><p>3.1.7 Rationality</p><p>3.1.8 Restraint</p><p>3.2 The Curse of Power</p><p>3.2.1 Scope of IR</p><p></p><p></p>B Authority<p></p><p>3.2.2 Litigation Prevention</p><p>3.2.3 Beyond the Regulations</p><p> </p><p>Chapter 4. Evaluating Biomedical Research</p><p>4.1 The Objective IRB</p><p>4.1.1 Ramsey and the Scientist’s Bias</p><p>4.1.2 Your Reasonable Understanding</p><p>4.2 Literature Reviews</p><p>4.2.1 Death at Johns Hopkins</p><p>4.2.2 Reviews by Investigators</p><p>4.2.3 Reviews by IRBs</p><p>4.3 Ethics and Science</p><p>4.3.1 Scientific Modifications</p><p>4.3.2 The Value of Research</p><p>4.3.3 Risk</p><p>4.4 Weighing Risks, Benefits, and Knowledge</p><p>4.4.1 Why You Should Protect Subjects</p><p>4.4.2 Why You Should Let Subjects Choose</p><p>4.4.3 The Conundrum</p><p>4.5 Approval Based on Risk and Benefit</p><p>4.5.1 Established Theories</p><p>4.5.2 Rajczi and Meyer: Let the Subjects Decide </p><p>4.6 Consent before Approval</p><p> </p><p>Chapter 5. Consent in Biomedical Research</p><p>5.1 Consent’s Goals</p><p>5.2 Multisite Consent Forms</p><p>5.3 Presenting Risk and Benefit</p><p>5.4 Subject Understanding</p><p>5.4.1 Less is More</p><p>5.4.2 Ethical Considerations</p><p>5.5 Supervising Consent Form Writing</p><p>5.5.1 Helping the Investigator</p><p>5.5.2 Readability</p><p>5.5.3 Format</p><p>5.6 Editing the Consent Form</p><p> </p><p>Chapter 6. The Social Sciences</p><p>6.1 The Value of Dissent</p><p>6.2 The Social Impact of R</p>esearch<p></p> <p></p>6.3 Freedom of Speech<p></p><p>6.4 Psychology</p><p>6.4.1 Deception</p><p>6.4.2 Threats to Self-Esteem</p><p>6.5 Surveys and Interviews</p><p>6.5.1 Risk and Benefit</p><p>6.5.2 Modifications</p><p>6.6 Field Research</p><p>6.6.1 Risk</p><p>6.6.2 The Sociologists’ Dispute</p><p>6.7 Racial Discrimination</p><p> </p><p>Chapter 7. Biomedical Research Topics</p><p>7.1 Archival Research</p><p>7.1.1 Cancer of the Vagina</p><p>7.1.2 Regulatory Oversight</p><p>7.1.3 Ethical Considerations</p><p>7.1.4 The Common Rule</p><p>7.1.5 HIPAA</p><p>7.2 The Learning Health Care System</p><p>7.2.1 Integrating Research and Clinical Care</p><p>7.2.2 Ethical Considerations</p><p>7.2.3 Your IRB’s Role</p><p>7.3 Randomized Controlled Trials</p><p>7.3.1 Risks Inside and Outside of a Trial</p><p>7.3.2 Nonphysical Risks</p><p>7.4 Comparative Effectiveness Trials</p><p>7.4.1 Identifying the Better Treatment</p><p>7.4.2 Faden’s Bold Ethical Proposal</p><p>7.4.3 Waiver of Consent in Special Circumstances</p><p>7.5 Justice</p><p>7.5.1 Unjust Burdens</p><p>7.5.2 The Governmental Pursuit of Justice</p><p>7.5.3 The Private Pursuit of Justice</p><p>7.6 The Vulnerable</p><p>7.6.1 Regulatory Overprotection</p><p>7.6.2 Fighting Health Disparities</p><p>7.7 Paying Subjects</p><p>7.7.1 Respecting Subject Choice</p><p>7.7.2 Coercion</p><p>7.7.3 </p>Setting<p></p> a Cap on Wages <p></p><p>7.8 Emergency Research</p><p>7.8.1 Criteria for Approval </p><p>7.8.2 Ethical Considerations</p><p>7.9 Phase 1 Cancer Trials</p><p> </p><p>Chapter 8. FDA and OHRP</p><p>8.1 Agencies under Pressure</p><p>8.2 Your IRB and the Agencies</p><p>8.2.1 Balancing Three Goals</p><p>8.2.2 When Regulations Trump Ethics</p><p>8.2.3 The Successful IRB</p><p>8.2.4 Things Can Go Wrong</p><p>8.3 Pushing Back against Federal Pressure</p><p>8.3.1 The Agency</p><p>8.3.2 The Funder</p><p>8.3.3 The Media</p><p>8.3.4 The Courts</p><p>8.4 Risk and your IRB</p><p> </p><p>Chapter 9. The Future</p><p>9.1 Evidence</p><p>9.2 Reform</p><p>9.3 The Challenge</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>References</p><p>Index</p>