Overarching Views of Crime and Deviancy

Prologue 1
Ferry de Jong
1 On this volume and the occasion of its publication 1
2 Introductory notes on the chapters in this volume 5
3 Some methodological notes and words of thanks 16

Part I: Historical Reflections on Criminal Law Scholarship, Forensic Psychiatry, and Criminology

Chapter 1
Overarching Thought: Criminal Law Scholarship in Utrecht 21
Ferry de Jong & Constantijn Kelk
1 Preliminary notes 21
2 Chronological characterization: a history of the Institute 26
3 Thematic characterization: three constants in criminal law scholarship in Utrecht 47
4 Concluding observations 75

Chapter 2
The Boost of Forensic Psychiatry Embedded in Utrecht Cooperation 89
Frans Koenraadt
1 Introduction 89
2 Post-war expansion of forensic psychiatry 93
3 Connections between the university and the Observation Hospital 97
4 Research 99
5 Teaching forensic psychiatry 114
6 Developments 121

Chapter 3
Criminology at the Willem Pompe Institute of Utrecht University: The First Fifty Years 135
Frank Bovenkerk
1 Introduction 135
2 Criminography 136
3 Crime and religion (1938) 140
4 Criminal families in Utrecht (1940) 141
5 Female criminality (1940) 142
6 Dutch villages with a bad reputation 144
7 Rural-urban differentials in crime 145
8 Social deviance and crime among immigrants in Amsterdam 145
9 Crime under foreign occupation 146
10 Teaching during the second criminology period at the Willem Pompe Institute: 1967-1988 147

Chapter 4
Cultural Criminology Utrecht Style 151
Dina Siegel & Damián Zaitch
1 Introduction 151
2 The cultural criminological roots 152
3 Cultural criminology in the polder 155
4 Criminology in Utrecht 157
5 Current criminological research at Utrecht 162
6 Future challenges 168
Photographic Intermezzo 175

Part II: Contemporary Issues in General Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure

Chapter 5
Law Like Love 183
Stijn Franken & Petra van Kampen
1 The Utrecht School 183
2 The power of law 186
3 The ethics of conflict 189
4 Changing perspective(s) on mens rea 192
5 The rule of law 195
6 Law is the law 198

Chapter 6
The ‘Victim Paradigm’ in (International) Criminal Justice 203
Chrisje Brants
1 Introduction: a missed chance 203
2 Aspects of justice and criminal law 206
3 Victims, justice and international criminal law 208
4 Victims in the context of domestic criminal justice 211
5 Conclusions 223

Chapter 7
‘I Take You as my Lawfully Wedded Wife’ 231
Comparison and observations with regard to the penalization of forced marriages
Renée Kool
1 Introduction 231
2 Framing forced marriages as a social problem 233
3 The European standard 235
4 The Dutch legal discourse 236
5 The English legal discourse 239
6 The Dutch and English law in action 241
7 Some comparative observations 244
8 Conclusion 246

Chapter 8
The Tolerance of Intolerance 253
An evaluation of the scope of Articles 137c and 137d of the Dutch Criminal Code
Joske Graat & Marlien van Duursen
1 Introduction 253
2 Article 10 ECHR: general framework 255
3 The two provisions in a nutshell 256
4 The case law discussed 257
5 Conclusion 268

Chapter 9
Changing Ideas on Corporate Criminal Liability 271
A comparison between the Netherlands and England and Wales
Marjan Groenouwe & Esther Baakman
1 Introduction 271
2 The historical development of corporate liability in Dutch criminal law 272
3 The Dutch concept: a general provision on corporate criminal liability 274
4 Developments in English criminal law: vicarious liability and the identification principle 276
5 Recent developments: The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act and (2007) the Bribery Act (2010) 278
6 Corporate criminal liability: towards a new method of attribution 281
7 Conclusion 283

Chapter 10
Corporate Intent: In Search of a Theoretical Foundation for Corporate Mens Rea 287
Mark Hornman & Eelke Sikkema
1 Introduction 287
2 Why business ethics as a frame of reference? 289
3 Two models of corporate criminal liability 290
4 Corporate criminal liability and intent in Dutch criminal law 293
5 Intentionality from an ethical perspective: function and meaning 298
6 Analysis and conclusions: significance for criminal law? 303

Chapter 11
The Role of Financial Capacity in Dutch Confiscation Law: Changes in Legislation and an Alternative Approach 311
Wouter de Zanger
1 Introduction 311
2 Dutch confiscation law 313
3 The role of financial capacity 316
4 Implications for the legal position of the convicted person 320
5 The role of future financial capacity: an alternative approach in light of a rehabilitative perspective 325
6 Conclusion 329

Part III: Contemporary Issues in Regulatory Criminal Law, European Criminal Law, Juvenile Criminal Law, and Penitentiary Law

Chapter 12
Criminal Law Enforcement of EU Harmonised Financial Policies: The Need for a Shared Criminal Policy 335
John Vervaele & Michiel Luchtman
1 Introduction 335
2 Enforcing financial regulations: the law in action 337
3 An EU-orientated criminal justice policy in the Netherlands? 343
4 An EU criminal justice policy? 354
5 Conclusions 360

Chapter 13
Juvenile Justice and Juvenile Crime: The Tradition and Topicality of an Interdisciplinary Approach 367
Ido Weijers, Stephanie Rap & Kristien Hepping
1 Introduction 367
2 Juvenile justice research in 80 years of the Willem Pompe Institute 367
3 Current research 373
4 Conclusion 380

Chapter 14
The Development of Rechtsburgerschap of Prisoners: A National and European Perspective 385
Pauline Jacobs
1 Introduction 385
2 The development of rechtsburgerschap in the Netherlands 386
3 The development of rechtsburgerschap: a European perspective 392
4 Concluding remarks 397

Chapter 15
Collateral Consequences and the Principle of Proportional Punishment 401
Miranda Boone & Elina Kurtovic
1 Introduction 401
2 Collateral consequences 402
3 Recent developments: four examples from practice 406
4 The Utrecht School and the notion of proportional punishment 408
5 The role of the criminal court judge 412
6 Discussion 416

Part IV: Contemporary Issues in Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology

Chapter 16
On (Free) Will 421
Antoine Mooij
1 Introduction 421
2 The phenomenology of will and of the freedom of will 422
3 The psychopathology of will 424
4 Some views of will and freedom of will 426
5 A combined theory 428
6 The meaning of interiority in criminal law 429

Chapter 17
Two Faces of Accountability: A Forensic Mental Health Perspective 435
Timon den Boer & Jos van Mulbregt
1 Introduction 435
2 Format of the discussions 437
3 First case: Bram 439
4 Second case: Willem 445
5 Conclusion 448

Chapter 18
Explaining Arson: A Cross-Border Theoretical Approach 455
Lydia Dalhuisen
1 Introduction 455
2 A criminological approach: routine-activities theory 456
3 A psychological approach: single-factor explanations 462
4 A psychological approach: multi-factor explanations 465
5 A psychopathological approach: disordered offenders 473
6 Conclusions 477

Part V: Contemporary Issues in Criminology

Chapter 19
The Label ‘Multi-Problem Family’: Still a Leading Concept for Future Policy Directives? 487
Tessa Verhallen
1 Introduction 487
2 Multi-problem families in the Netherlands 488
3 Historical and political context of the label multi-problem family 489
4 Multi-problem family: the literature and policy documents 491
5 International critique of the term ‘multi-problem family’ 499
6 Conclusion and discussion 501

Chapter 20
In the Wake of War: A Cultural Criminological Perspective on the Growth of the Sex Industry in Kosovo 507
Roos de Wildt
1 Introduction 507
2 The cultural criminological perspective 510
3 Meaning of post-war prostitution in Kosovo 511
4 Obscured causes for the growth of the Kosovar sex industry 515
5 Effects of a one-sided representation 521
6 Concluding remarks 523

Chapter 21
Mobility Rules. Migrants and Drifters Fare Well (?) in Post-Welfare Europe 527
Veronika Nagy & Brenda Oude Breuil
1 Amuse-gueules 527
2 Apéritive: mobility rules 528
3 Entrée: security and the representation of (un)deserving ‘denizens’ 530
4 Hors d’oeuvres: social sorting in the late modern bureaucratic field 535
5 Plat de résistance: innovative strategies to fare well ... and their unintended (?) consequences 540
6 Digestive: to see or not to see ... Conclusion and discussion 542

Chapter 22
Cultural Criminology and the Internet: Challenges for Online Criminological Research 547
Rosa Koenraadt
1 Introduction 547
2 Cultural criminology at the WPI 548
3 Illegal markets and the internet 550
4 Cultural criminology and the internet 552
5 Online market for illicit pharmaceuticals 554
6 Methodological challenges in the virtual world 557
7 Conclusion 560

Chapter 23
Towards Moral Principles Regarding Non-Human Animals: A Green Criminological Perspective 565
Daan van Uhm
1 Introduction 565
2 The emergence of green criminology 565
3 Moral principles and the human and non-human animal relationship 567
4 Trade in, exhibition and keeping of exotic non-human animals 570
5 Industrialization of non-human animals for food 574
6 Conflicting human interests, species justice and increasing moral principles 577
7 The ‘other’ victims 580
8 The future and green criminology 582

Postscript 589
Ferry de Jong
1 Introduction: from risks to crises 589
2 Dazzling modern complexities 591
3 Conceptual borders: responsibility and dehumanizing tendencies 593
4 Geographical borders: globalization and Europeanization 598
5 Scientific borders: multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity 600
6 Conclusion: from slavery to bravery 602

About the authors and editors 607