Encyclopedia of Geology

<p>I. Introduction<br>A. History of Geological Science; B. Philosophy of Geology</p> <p>II. The Earth and Its Place in the Solar System<br>A. Origins of the Solar System; B. Asteroid impacts; C. Lunar studies and the age of the Earth; D. Meteorite impacts</p> <p>III. Geophysics<br>A. Earth Structure; B. Electrical Methods; C. Geodesy and Gravity; D. Geodynamics; E. Geomagnetism; F. Mineral Physics; G. Seismology</p> <p>IV. Earth History<br>A. Dating Techniques (Annual Layers, Biological Methods, Chemical Methods, Geomagnetic Methods, Radiometric Methods); B. Stratigraphic Methods and Development of the Stratigraphic Column; C. Paleoclimates; D. The Pre-Cambrian; E. The Paleozoic; F. The Mesozoic; G. The Cenozoic; H. Glaciation in Earth History</p> <p>V. Geochemistry<br>A. Analytical Geochemistry; B. Isotope Geochemistry; C. High-Temperature Geochemistry; D. Low-Temperature Geochemistry; E. Organic and Petroleum Geochemistry</p> <p>VI. Mineralogy<br>A. Minerals; B. Crystallography; C. Silicates; D. Non-silicates</p> <p>VII. Earth Surface Processes<br>A. Weathering and Erosion; B. Fluid flow and sediment transport; C. Glacial processes and landscapes; D. Rivers and Lakes; E. Marine processes and landscapes; F. Soil Formation; G. Wind processes and landscapes; H. Tectonic Geomorphology</p> <p>VIII. Igneous Geology<br>A. Melting and crystallization processes; B. Igneous rocks; C. Volcanism: eruption mechanisms; D. Volcanic products; E. Volcanic environmental issues (past and present)</p> <p>IX. Metamorphic Geology<br>A. Metamorphism; B. Metamorphic Rocks</p> <p>X. Tectonics and Structural Geology<br>A. Nature of Tectonic Plate Movements; B. History of Continental Movements; C. Mountain Building Processes; D. Tectonics and Volcanism</p> <p>XI. Regional Geology</p> <p>XII. Geological Resources<br>A. Oil/gas (conventional and unconventional; fracking); B. Coal; C. Minerals (metallic, non-metallic/industrial, nuclear fuel); D. Exploration methods (to include geophysical and geochemical methods, remote sensing); E. Mining/extraction methods; F. Uses, constraints, reserves; G. Environmental impacts; H. Geothermal resources</p> <p>XIII. Other geological applications<br>A. Geological mapping; B. Engineering Geology (including waste disposal); C. Hydrogeology; D. Forensic Geology</p>