Sex Differences in Physiology

1. Introduction
by Virginia Miller

2. Endocrinological origins of sex, sexual differentiation, and sexual dimorphisms
by Craig Kinsley, Kelly Lambert, and Massi Bardi

3. Sex differences in neuroanatomy and neurophysiology: implications for brain function, behavior, and neuropsychiatric disease
by Gretchen Neigh and Liana Merrill

4. Sex differences in the immune system and immune function
by Sally Huber and Delisa Fairweather

5. Sex and gender differences in cardiovascular disease
by Leanne Groban, Hao Wang, Allan Alencar and Sarah Lindsey

6. Sex differences in pulmonary anatomy and physiology: implications for health and disease
by Y.S. Prakash and Venkatachalem Sathish

7. Sex differences in renal physiology and pathophysiology
by Carolyn Ecelbarger

8. Sex differences in gastrointestinal physiology and disease: from endogenous sex hormones to environmental endocrine disruptor agents
by Eric Houdeau

9. Sex and gender differences in body composition, lipid metabolism and glucose regulation
by Kelly Ethun

10. Sex hormone influenced differences in skeletal muscle responses to aging and exercise
by Peter Tiidus

11. Strategies and approaches for studying sex differences in physiology 
11.1. Introduction
by Margaret McCarthy
11.2. Studying Sex Chromosome Effects that Cause Sex Differences in Non-Gonadal
Phenotypes
by Arthur Arnold
11.3. Organizational influences of the sex steroid hormones on the hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis
by Victor Viau
11.4. Activation Methodologies
by Jill Becker
11.5. Human Methodologies in the Study of Sex Differences
by Emily Bartley and Margarete Ribeiro-Dasilva