ESSENTIALS OF ENGLISH N/E BOOK WITH APA STYLE 150090

<p><strong>PART 1 The Basics 1 Words</strong></p> <p>a Nouns</p> <p>b Pronouns</p> <p>c Verbs</p> <p>d Adjectives</p> <p>e Articles</p> <p>f Adverbs</p> <p>g Prepositions</p> <p>h Conjunctions</p> <p>i Interjections</p> <p> <strong>2 Phrases</strong></p> <p> a Noun phrases</p> <p> b Infinitive phrases</p> <p> c Gerund phrases</p> <p> d Prepositional phrases</p> <p> e -ing and -ed phrases</p> <p> f Appositive phrases</p> <p> <strong>3 Clauses</strong></p> <p>a Independent clauses</p> <p>b Dependent clauses</p> <p> <strong>4 Sentences</strong></p> <p>a Sentence parts</p> <p>b Sentence patterns</p> <p>c Question patterns</p> <p>d Kinds of sentences</p> <p> <strong>PART 2 Clear Sentences 5 Connecting Ideas</strong></p> <p> a Coordination</p> <p> b Subordination</p> <p> c Coordination or subordination?</p> <p> <strong>6 Connecting Ideas by Coordination</strong></p> <p> a Making compound sentences</p> <p> b Connecting words coordinating conjunctions</p> <p> c Connecting words with correlative conjunctions</p> <p> d Using parallel forms</p> <p> <strong>7 Connecting Ideas by Subordination</strong></p> <p> a Making complex sentences</p> <p> b Using appositives</p> <p> c Using -ing and -ed phrases</p> <p> d Using shortened adverb clauses</p> <p> <strong>8 Common Sentence Problems</strong></p> <p> a Fragments</p> <p> b Run-together sentences</p> <p> c Choppy writing</p> <p> d Overuse of and, but, and so</p> <p> <strong>9 Word Order</strong></p> <p> a Normal word order</p> <p> b Inverted (verb-subject) word order</p> <p> c Word order of direct and indirect objects</p> <p> d Varying sentence openings</p> <p> <strong>10 Word Choice</strong></p> <p> a Dictionaries and thesauruses</p> <p> b Informal language and slang</p> <p> c Gender-sensitive (sexist) language</p> <p> <strong>PART 3 Grammar 11 Verb Forms and Tenses</strong></p> <p> a Verb forms</p> <p> b Verb tenses</p> <p> c Special tense combinations</p> <p> d Modals</p> <p> e Passive voice</p> <p> <strong>12 Special Situations with Verbs</strong></p> <p> a Gerunds</p> <p> b Infinitives</p> <p> c Gerunds vs. infinitives</p> <p> d Phrasal verbs</p> <p> <strong>13 Subject-Verb Agreement</strong></p> <p> a Singular subject</p> <p> b Singular or plural subjects</p> <p> c Plural subjects</p> <p> d Confusing situations</p> <p> <strong>14 Nouns: Count and Noncount</strong></p> <p> a Count nouns</p> <p> b Noncount nouns</p> <p> c Count or noncount nouns</p> <p> d Expressing quantity</p> <p> <strong>15 Articles</strong></p> <p> a For generic nouns: a, an, or no article ( æ )</p> <p> b For indefinite articles: a, an, or some</p> <p> c For definite nouns: the</p> <p> d Idiomatic uses of articles</p> <p> e Choosing the right article</p> <p> <strong>16 Pronouns</strong></p> <p> a Subject, object, and possessive forms</p> <p> b Special situations</p> <p> c Myself, ourselves</p> <p> d Each other and one another</p> <p> <strong>17 Pronoun Agreement</strong></p> <p> a With indefinite pronouns: someone, everybody</p> <p> b With generic nouns: a student, an employee</p> <p> c With collective nouns: team, class</p> <p> d With either ...or and neither ... nor</p> <p> <strong>18 Pronouns: Unclear Reference 19 Adjectives and Adverbs: Position</strong></p> <p> a Position of adjectives</p> <p> b Position of adverbs</p> <p> <strong>20 Special Situations with Adjectives</strong></p> <p> a Agreement of adjectives</p> <p> b Order of adjectives</p> <p> c Participial adjectives: boring or bored?</p> <p> <strong>21 Comparisons</strong></p> <p> a Equal degree: as big as, the same size as</p> <p> b Comparative and superlative degrees: bigger than, the biggest; more difficult than, the most difficult</p> <p> c Parallel forms with comparisons</p> <p> <strong>22 Negatives</strong></p> <p> a No vs. not</p> <p> b Double negatives</p> <p> <strong>23 Adjective Clauses</strong></p> <p> a Subject pronouns: who, which, that</p> <p> b Object pronouns: whom, which, that, æ (no pronoun)</p> <p> c Possessive pronoun: whose</p> <p> d Relative adverbs: where and when</p> <p> e Punctuation of adjective clauses</p> <p> <strong>PART 4 Punctuation 24 End Punctuation</strong></p> <p> a Periods</p> <p> b Question marks</p> <p> c Exclamation points</p> <p> <strong>25 Commas</strong></p> <p> a In compound sentences</p> <p> b After introducers</p> <p> c Around extra-information modifiers</p> <p> d With transition signals</p> <p> e With direct quotations</p> <p> f With items in a series</p> <p> g Other uses of commas</p> <p> <strong>26 Semicolons</strong></p> <p> a In compound sentences</p> <p> b In compound sentences with transition signals</p> <p> c In a series containing commas</p> <p> <strong>27 Colons</strong></p> <p> a In sentences</p> <p> b Other uses of colons</p> <p> <strong>28 Apostrophes</strong></p> <p> a With possessives</p> <p> b In contractions and in years</p> <p> c With special plurals</p> <p> <strong>29 Quotation Marks</strong></p> <p> a With direct quotations</p> <p> b Other uses of quotation marks</p> <p> <strong>30 Parentheses 31 Dashes 32 Brackets and Ellipses PART 5 Mechanics 33 Capital Letters</strong></p> <p> a Pronoun I</p> <p> b First word of a sentence</p> <p> c Proper nouns and most proper adjectives</p> <p> d Titles and subtitles of works</p> <p> e Greetings and closings in letters</p> <p> f Certain abbreviations</p> <p> <strong>34 Hyphens</strong></p> <p> a In compound words</p> <p> b Dividing words at the end of a line</p> <p> <strong>35 Underlining and Italics</strong></p> <p> a Titles of long works</p> <p> b Foreign words</p> <p> c Numbers, letters, and words used as words</p> <p> <strong>36 Abbreviations</strong></p> <p> a Titles of people</p> <p> b Dates and times</p> <p> c Familiar abbreviations</p> <p> d Postal codes</p> <p> e Latin abbreviations</p> <p> f Words usually not abbreviated</p> <p> <strong>37 Numbers</strong></p> <p> a Numbers written as words</p> <p> b Numbers written as numerals</p> <p> c Forming plural numbers</p> <p> <strong>38 Spelling</strong></p> <p> a ei or ie rule</p> <p> b Adding suffixes</p> <p> c Forming plurals</p> <p> d British and American spelling</p> <p> <strong>PART 6 Writing and Revising 39 Writing in English 40 The Writing Process</strong></p> <p> a Creating</p> <p> b Organizing</p> <p> c Writing</p> <p> d Polishing</p> <p> <strong>41 Paragraphs</strong></p> <p> a Topic sentence</p> <p> b Supporting sentences</p> <p> c Paragraph unity</p> <p> d Paragraph coherence</p> <p> e Concluding sentence</p> <p> f Patterns of paragraph organization</p> <p> <strong>42 Essays</strong></p> <p> a Introduction</p> <p> b Body</p> <p> c Conclusion</p> <p> d Patterns of essay organization</p> <p> <strong>PART 7 Formats 43 Writing on a Computer 44 Document Formats</strong></p> <p> a Academic papers (MLA style)</p> <p> b Lab reports</p> <p> c Business documents</p> <p> d E-mail</p> <p><strong>45 Research Papers </strong></p> <p> a Making a schedule</p> <p> b Taking a library tour</p> <p> c Choosing a topic</p> <p> d Collecting information</p> <p> e Reading and taking notes</p> <p> f Writing and revising the paper</p> <p> g Citing your sources (MLA style)</p> <p> h Sample research paper</p> <p><strong>PART 8 Reference Lists </strong></p> <p><strong>46 Irregular Verbs </strong></p> <p><strong>47 Verb + Prepositions Combinations </strong></p> <p><strong>48 Phrasal Verbs </strong></p> <p><strong>49 Adjective + Preposition Combinations </strong></p> <p><strong>50 Pairs of -ing / -ed Adjectives </strong></p> <p><strong>51 Proper Nouns with The </strong></p> <p><strong>52 Connecting Words </strong></p> <p><strong>53 Transition Signals </strong></p> <p><strong>54 Troublesome Words </strong></p> <p><strong>55 Editing Symbols </strong></p> <p><strong>56 APA Style </strong></p> <p>Answer Key</p>