Linguistics for Non-Linguists

<div class="c-un-numbered-headers-and-contents-list__container"> <h5>NOTE: Each chapter concludes with Summary, Supplementary Readings, Supplementary Exercises, and Exploratory Exercises.</h5> <h3>1. Introduction</h3> <ul></ul> <h3>2. Pragmatics</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Implicature</strong> <ul> <li>Conversational Maxims</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Speech Acts</strong> <ul> <li>A Taxonomy of Illocutionary Acts</li> <li>Felicity Conditions</li> <li>Explicit Versus Nonexplicit Illocutionary Acts</li> <li>Direct Versus Indirect Illocutionary Acts</li> <li>Expressed Versus Implied Locutionary Acts</li> <li>Literal Versus Nonliteral Locutionary Acts</li> <li>Overview of Speech Act Theory</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>3. Semantics</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Background</strong></li> <li><strong>Sense</strong></li> <li><strong>Reference</strong></li> <li><strong>Truth</strong></li> </ul> <h3>4. Syntax</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Categories</strong></li> <li><strong>Left-to-Right Ordering</strong></li> <li><strong>Constituent Structure</strong></li> <li><strong>X-Bar Syntax</strong></li> <li><strong>Transformations</strong> <ul> <li>Movement</li> <li>Constraints on Movement</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>5. Morphology</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Morphemes</strong></li> <li><strong>Lexical and Grammatical Morphemes</strong></li> <li><strong>Free and Bound Morphemes</strong></li> <li><strong>Inflectional and Derivational Morphemes</strong> <ul> <li>Inflectional Affixes</li> <li>Derivational Affixes</li> <li>Differences Between Types of Affixes</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Word-Formation Processes</strong></li> </ul> <h3>6. Phonology</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Vocal Tract</strong></li> <li><strong>Segments</strong></li> <li><strong>Phonemic Alphabet</strong> <ul> <li>Vowels</li> <li>Consonants</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Levels of Representation</strong></li> <li><strong>Phonological Rules</strong> <ul> <li>Aspiration</li> <li>Vowel Lengthening</li> <li>Vowel Nasalization</li> <li>Flapping</li> <li>Rule Ordering</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>7. Language Processing</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Sentence-Level Phenomena in Language Processing</strong> <ul> <li>Resolving Syntactic Ambiguity</li> <li>Resolving Ambiguous Pronoun Reference</li> <li>Understanding Negative Sentences</li> <li>Processing Passive Sentences</li> <li>Processing Complex Sentences</li> <li>Processing Heavy NPs</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Discourse-Level Phenomena in Language Processing</strong> <ul> <li>Readability</li> <li>Schemata and Scripts</li> <li>Cohesion</li> <li>Thematic Roles</li> <li>The Given-New Contract</li> <li>Reading Between the Lines</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>8. Language Variation</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Language Universals, Languages, Dialects, and Idiolects</strong></li> <li><strong>Regional Variation</strong> <ul> <li>Regional Lexical Variation</li> <li>Regional Phonological Variation</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Social Variation</strong> <ul> <li>Nonstandard Phonological Variation</li> <li>Nonstandard Morphological Variation</li> <li>Nonstandard Syntactic Variation</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Language and Gender</strong> <ul> <li>Gender as a Social Variable</li> <li>Gender Patterns Within Standard English</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Stylistic Variation</strong> <ul> <li>Stylistic Lexical Variation</li> <li>Stylistic Phonological Variation</li> <li>Stylistic Morphological Variation</li> <li>Stylistic Syntactic Variation</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>9. Language Change</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Background</strong></li> <li><strong>Semantic Change</strong></li> <li><strong>Syntactic Change</strong> <ul> <li>Word Order Typology</li> <li>Rule Change</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Morphological Change</strong></li> <li><strong>Phonological Change</strong></li> <li><strong>Causes of Change</strong></li> </ul> <h3>10. First-Language Acquisition</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Prelinguistic Stages</strong></li> <li><strong>Linguistic Stages</strong> <ul> <li>Acquisition of Phonology</li> <li>Acquisition of Morphology</li> <li>Acquisition of Syntax</li> <li>Acquisition of Semantics</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Issues in Language Acquisition</strong> <ul> <li>Nativism and Empiricism</li> <li>Language-Specific and General Cognitive Capacities</li> <li>Chomsky’s Position</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>11. Second-Language Acquisition</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Issues in Second-Language Acquisition</strong> <ul> <li>Interlanguage Theory</li> <li>Language Transfer</li> <li>Other Linguistic Factors</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Patterns in Second-Language Acquisition</strong> <ul> <li>Phonology</li> <li>Morphology</li> <li>Syntax</li> <li>Semantics</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Nonlinguistic Influences on Second-Language Acquisition</strong></li> </ul> <h3>12. Written Language</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Writing Systems</strong> </li> <li><strong>The English Spelling System</strong> <ul> <li>Reasons for Inconsistency in English Spelling</li> <li>English Spelling and Morphophonemics</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Analyzing Errors in Written English</strong> <ul> <li>Phonology and Spelling</li> <li>Morphology and Writing</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3>13. The Neurology of Language</h3> <ul> <li><strong>Anatomy of the Nervous System</strong> <ul> <li>Lobes</li> <li>Convolutions and Fissures</li> <li>Broca’s Area</li> <li>Wernicke’s Area</li> <li>Supplementary Motor Cortex</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Hemispherical Specialization</strong> <ul> <li>Left-Hemisphere Dominance for Language</li> <li>Left Brain Versus Right Brain</li> <li>Handedness</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Aphasia</strong></li> </ul> <h5>References</h5> <h5>Glossary</h5> <h5>Answers to Selected Exercises</h5> <h5>Author Index</h5> <h5>Subject Index</h5> </div>