Statistical Methods

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Aim of This Book.- 1.2 The Basic Idea.- 1.3 The General Method.- 1.4 An Alternative Test Statistic.- 1.5 Estimation.- 1.6 Layout of the Book.- 1.7 Word to Teachers.- 1.8 References.- 2 Paired Samples.- 2.1 Mixed-Sex Twins.- 2.2 Sample Size of Two.- 2.3 Sample Size of Three.- 2.4 General Case.- 2.5 Summary.- Class Exercise.- Exercises.- 3 Independent Samples.- 3.1 Heights of Students.- 3.2 Samples of Size Two.- 3.3 General Case.- 3.4 Summary.- Class Exercise.- Exercises.- 4 Several Independent Samples (Analysis of Variance).- 4.1 Selenium Levels.- 4.2 Samples of Size Two.- 4.3 Full Data Set.- 4.4 General Case.- 4.5 Summary.- Class Exercise.- Exercises.- 5 Simple Regression.- 5.1 Air Pollution.- 5.2 Sample of Size Five.- 5.3 General Case.- 5.4 Summary.- Class Exercise.- Exercises.- 6 Overview.- 6.1 Statistical Triangle.- 6.2 Conclusion.- Exercises.- Appendices.- A Geometric Tool Kit.- Exercises.- B Statistical Tool Kit.- C Computing.- C.1 Computing Using a Simple Spreadsheet.- C.2 Computing Using a Regression Routine.- C.3 Summary.- Exercises.- D Alternative Test Statistic.- D.1 Basic Idea.- D.2 Paired Samples.- D.3 General Method.- D.4 Independent Samples.- D.5 Several Independent Samples.- D.6 Simple Regression.- D.7 Equivalence of Test Statistics.- D.8 Summary.- Class Exercise.- Exercises.- E Solutions to Exercises.- E.1 Solutions for Chapter 2 Exercises.- E.2 Solutions for Chapter 3 Exercises.- E.3 Solutions for Chapter 4 Exercises.- E.4 Solutions for Chapter 5 Exercises.- E.5 Solutions for Chapter 6 Exercises.- E.6 Solutions for Appendix A Exercises.- E.7 Solutions for Appendix C Exercises.- E.8 Solutions for Appendix D Exercises.- T Statistical Tables.- References.