Numerical Analysis

1 Introduction.- 2 Linear Systems.- 2.1 Examples for Systems of Equations.- 2.2 Gaussian Elimination.- 2.3 LR Decomposition.- 2.4 QR Decomposition.- Problems.- 3 Basic Functional Analysis.- 3.1 Normed Spaces.- 3.2 Scalar Products.- 3.3 Bounded Linear Operators.- 3.4 Matrix Norms.- 3.5 Completeness.- 3.6 The Banach Fixed Point Theorem.- 3.7 Best Approximation.- Problems.- 4 Iterative Methods for Linear Systems.- 4.1 Jacobi and Gauss—Seidel Iterations.- 4.2 Relaxation Methods.- 4.3 Two-Grid Methods.- Problems.- 5 Ill-Conditioned Linear Systems.- 5.1 Condition Number.- 5.2 Singular Value Decomposition.- 5.3 Tikhonov Regularization.- Problems.- 6 Iterative Methods for Nonlinear Systems.- 6.1 Successive Approximations.- 6.2 Newton’s Method.- 6.3 Zeros of Polynomials.- 6.4 Least Squares Problems.- Problems.- 7 Matrix Eigenvalue Problems.- 7.1 Examples.- 7.2 Estimates for the Eigenvalues.- 7.3 The Jacobi Method.- 7.4 The QR Algorithm.- 7.5 Hessenberg Matrices.- Problems.- 8 Interpolation.- 8.1 Polynomial Interpolation.- 8.2 Trigonometric Interpolation.- 8.3 Spline Interpolation.- 8.4 Bézier Polynomials.- Problems.- 9 Numerical Integration.- 9.1 Interpolatory Quadratures.- 9.2 Convergence of Quadrature Formulae.- 9.3 Gaussian Quadrature Formulae.- 9.4 Quadrature of Periodic Functions.- 9.5 Romberg Integration.- 9.6 Improper Integrals.- Problems.- 10 Initial Value Problems.- 10.1 The Picard—Lindelöf Theorem.- 10.2 Euler’s Method.- 10.3 Single-Step Methods.- 10.4 Multistep Methods.- Problems.- 11 Boundary Value Problems.- 11.1 Shooting Methods.- 11.2 Finite Difference Methods.- 11.3 The Riesz and Lax-Milgram Theorems.- 11.4 Weak Solutions.- 11.5 The Finite Element Method.- Problems.- 12 Integral Equations.- 12.1 The Riesz Theory.- 12.2 Operator Approximations.- 12.3 Nyström’s Method.- 12.4 The Collocation Method.- 12.5 Stability.- Problems.- References.