Common Vertebral Joint Problems

<p>1. Applied anatomy - regional </p> <p>Upper CervicalCervicalTemporomandibular jointCervicotheracicThoracic spine and ribsLumbarPelvic joitnsSurface anatomy</p> <p>2. Applied anatomy - general</p> <p>Articular cartilageSynovial joint lubricationFibrous connective tissuesMuscleVertebral movementThe lumbar mechanism Intervertebral foramenBiomechanics of spinal cord and meningesVenous drainageAutonomic nervous systemPatterns of somatic nerve root supply</p> <p>3. Aetiology in general terms</p> <p>4. Incidence</p> <p>GeneralSegmental</p> <p>5. Pathological changes - general </p> <p>Synovial joitnsVertebral body jointsNerve root involvement Soft tissuesNeoplasms</p> <p>6. Pathological changes - combined regional </p> <p>Upper cervicalCervicalCervicothoracicThoracicLumbarSphincter disturbancePelvisSerious pathology simulating musculoskeletal pain</p> <p>7. Clinical features</p> <p>Neurological changesPain and tendernessAutonomic nervous system in vertebral pain syndromesReferred painAbnormalities of feeling Changes in muscle and soft tissueDeformityFunctional disablementPsychological aspects</p> <p>8. Common patterns of clinical presentation</p> <p>Arthrosis and spondylosisUpper cervicalTemporomandibular jointCervicalCervicothoracicClavicular jointsThoracic and rib jointsLumbar spine and pelvisPelvic arthropathyDrug-induced joint and muscle painsNeoplasms</p> <p>9. Examination</p> <p>IntroductionHistoryObservationPhysical testsSpecial testsPalpationRegional examination procedures Temporomandibular jointNeck and forequarterShoulderShoulder girdleThoracic regionBack and hindquarterSacroiliac jointHip jointPassive physiological-movement testsStructural and neural interdependence </p> <p>10. Investigation procedures</p> <p>11. Principles of treatment </p> <p>AimsManipulation in general terms Passive movement - definitionsTechniques1. Massage2. Maintenance movements3. Mobilisation - regional, localised, limb girdles4. Manipulation - regional, localised5. Correction of listing6. Stretching7. Traction - manual and mechanical8. Recording passive movement treatment: clinical methodManually assisted or manually resisted movements1. Self-correction of listing2.Post-isometric relaxation3. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitationActive Movements1.Exercises for strength and mobility2. Autrotraction3. Soft-tissue stretching</p> <p>12. Indications</p> <p>13. Contraindications</p> <p>14. Supports and appliances and adjunct physical treatments</p> <p>15. Medication and alternative methods of pain relief</p> <p>16. Prophylaxis</p> <p>17. Invasive procedures</p> <p>MinorMajor</p> <p>Index</p>