Inoculating Cities

<p>List of contributors <br>Introduction <br><br>Section I<br>Pandemic governance and coordination<br><br>1. COVID-19 control strategy and measures in Kawasaki City, Japan <br>Takako Misaki, Tomoya Saito and Nobuhiko Okabe<br><br>Background <br>Public health and infectious disease control in Kawasaki City <br>The response to COVID-19 in Kawasaki City <br>The responses to domestic clusters of COVID-19 <br>Developing laboratory diagnosis capacities <br>Vaccines and mass vaccination exercises <br>Responding to the first case of the Omicron variant in Kawasaki City <br>Conclusion: lessons learned from Kawasaki City <br>References <br><br>2. COVID-19 pandemic: how Lagos State Government managed the COVID-19 pandemic and the tripod of biosecurity <br>Akin Abayomi and Tunde Ajayi<br><br>Background <br>Background on Lagos, Nigeria <br>Background on the public health system in Lagos <br>Lagos State’s approach to emergency preparedness <br>Governance and policy <br>Coordinating systems <br>Capabilities <br>Resources <br>COVID-19 in Lagos <br>The response to COVID-19 in Lagos <br>The pre-index case response <br>The post-index case response <br>The response to pandemic waves of COVID-19 <br>Lessons learned from Lagos’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic <br>Conclusion <br>References <br><br>3. COVID-19 in Beirut: epidemiology, response, gaps, and challenges <br>Nada M. Melhem, Farouk F Abou Hassan and Mirna Bou Hamdan<br><br>Background <br>The socioeconomic status in Lebanon <br>The health care system in Lebanon <br>The COVID-19 response in Beirut <br>The epidemiology of COVID-19 in Beirut <br>COVID-19 vaccination: successes and challenges <br>The emergence and monitoring of variants of concern <br>Conclusion: successes, gaps and challenges, and the way forward <br>References <br>Further Reading <br><br>4. Pandemic governance and community mobilization in conflict: a case study of Idlib, Syria <br>Abdulkarim Ekzayez, Munzer Khlalil, Preeti Patel and Gemma Bowsher<br><br>Background <br>Background on the public health system in Idlib <br>A bottom-up, locally ed health system in Idlib <br>Background on COVID-19 in Idlib <br>Scaling-up health system capacity using limited resources <br>COVID-19 response in Idlib <br>Community engagement and mobilizing local resources <br>SARS-CoV-2 testing and COVID-19 surveillance <br>Resource-limited digital solutions <br>Vaccination <br>Conclusion <br>References <br><br>Section II<br>Technology and digital approaches for pandemic response<br><br>5. Singapore’s whole-of-nation strategy for pandemic response and vaccination of the population <br>Wycliffe Wei, Bryan W.K. Chow, Marc Ho and Vernon Lee<br><br>Background <br>Background on Singapore <br>Background on the public health system in Singapore <br>Pandemic response system <br>Whole-of-government crisis response system <br>Legal public health preparedness <br>Surveillance and testing for COVID-19 <br>Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 testing modalities and their adoption <br>Testing of target populations <br>Testing of symptomatic persons <br>Testing of asymptomatic persons: rostered routine testing and expanding PCR testing capacity <br>Testing of asymptomatic persons: extended testing with antigen rapid tests and wastewater surveillance <br>Isolation and medical management of SARS-CoV-2 infections <br>Singapore’s approach to isolation <br>The medical response to COVID-19 <br>Contact tracing and quarantine <br>Vaccination <br>Promoting vaccine uptake <br>Social measures <br>Conclusion <br>References <br><br>6. Future-proofing: Quezon City’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic as investments against the next epidemic <br>Noel Bernardo, Jaifred Christian Lopez, Esperanza Anita E. Arias and Misha Coleman<br><br>Background <br>Background on Quezon City, Philippines <br>Background on the public health system in Quezon City, Philippines <br>The response to COVID-19 in Quezon City, Philippines <br>Pillar 1: prevention <br>Pillar 2: detection <br>Pillar 3: isolation <br>Pillar 4: treatment <br>Pillar 5: reintegration <br>Pillar 6: vaccination <br>Utilizing COVID-19 investments to build a stronger urban health system in Quezon City, Philippines <br>Digital solutions and big data management for health <br>Strengthening of surveillance systems <br>Quezon City Health Education and Promotion Unit <br>Conclusion <br>References <br><br>Section III<br>Workforce and surge capacity <br><br>7. Expanding workforce surge capacity and the multijurisdictional response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Las Vegas metropolitan area <br>Fermin Leguen, Cassius Locket and Jeffrey Quinn<br><br>Background <br>Background on Las Vegas metropolitan area (Clark County, Nevada) <br>The public health system in Las Vegas, Nevada <br>COVID-19 in Las Vegas, Nevada <br>Surging the workforce in Las Vegas <br>Surveillance and testing response: medical surge capacity and the need for increased surveillance and mass COVID-19 testing of the population in Clark County, Nevada <br>Surging capacities to provide medical care and isolation services to those who did not meet hospital admission criteria or have a place to isolate <br>COVID-19 vaccination campaign operations <br>Conclusions <br>References <br><br>8. Using mobile financial services to improve community health workers’ efficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic in Dhaka, Bangladesh <br>Farzana Misha, Syed Hassan Imtiaz, Margaret McConnell, Richard Cash and Sabina Faiz Rashid<br><br>Background <br>Background on Dhaka, Bangladesh <br>The urban health system in Dhaka, Bangladesh <br>COVID-19 in Dhaka, Bangladesh <br>Response measures adopted in Dhaka <br>Community health workers and mobile financial services <br>The introduction of mobile financial services to BRAC community health workers and health service delivery <br>Community health workers and the use of mobile financial services during the COVID-19 pandemic <br>Experiences and challenges in providing financial support to community health workers through mobile financial services <br>Time cost efficiencies due to mobile financial services <br>Conclusion <br>References <br>Further reading <br><br>Section IV<br>Vulnerable populations and pandemic response <br><br>9. Prioritizing local context and expertise in a global pandemic: the New Orleans response to COVID-19 <br>Jennifer Avegno, Kasha Bornstein and Jordan Vaughn<br><br>Background <br>Historical context of the city of New Orleans <br>Background on public health in New Orleans <br>Background on public health emergencies in New Orleans <br>COVID-19 in New Orleans <br>The response to COVID-19 in New Orleans: reaching the most vulnerable <br>Conclusion <br>References <br><br>10. COVID-19, control and confusion: experiences from Cape Town, South Africa <br>Patricia van der Ross<br><br>Background <br>The public health system in Cape Town <br>COVID-19 in Cape Town, South Africa <br>Cape Town’s COVID-19 response <br>Conclusion <br>References <br><br>11. A proactive approach to curtail the spread of<br>COVID-19 in the Dharavi Slum, Mumbai, India <br>Paragnimalai Diwakar Madan Kumar, Saravanan Poorni and Zameer Shervani<br><br>Background <br>Background on Mumbai, India <br>The public health system in Mumbai <br>COVID-19 in India <br>The response to COVID-19 in the Dharavi Slum of Mumbai <br>Administrative efforts <br>Screening and surveillance efforts <br>Quarantine and isolation <br>Publicprivate partnerships <br>Community participation <br>Conclusions <br>References<br> <br>Section V<br>Risk communication <br><br>12. Risk communications in a pandemic: tailored communications and public health messaging to urban populations in Baltimore City <br>Letitia Dzirasa, Adam Abadir, Jennifer Martin and Kimberly Eshleman<br><br>Background <br>COVID-19 risk communication efforts in Baltimore <br>Establishing initial communications: transparency, trust, and tailored messaging <br>Tailoring the message <br>Communication efforts for vaccination campaigns <br>Communications efforts addressing mis- and disinformation <br>Conclusions: lessons learned for effective urban public health campaign <br>References <br><br>Conclusion <br>Index </p>