Society Of Mind

Name: Society Of Mind
Author: Marvin Minsky

Paperback EN 2025 1e druk 9780671657130

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Marvin Minsky -- one of the fathers of computer science and cofounder of the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT -- gives a revolutionary answer to the age-old question: "How does the mind work?"
Minsky brilliantly portrays the mind as a "society" of tiny components that are themselves mindless. Mirroring his theory, Minsky boldly casts The Society of Mind as an intellectual puzzle whose pieces are assembled along the way. Each chapter -- on a self-contained page -- corresponds to a piece in the puzzle. As the pages turn, a unified theory of the mind emerges, like a mosaic. Ingenious, amusing, and easy to read, The Society of Mind is an adventure in imagination.

Specificaties

ISBN13:9780671657130

Taal:EN

Bindwijze:paperback

Aantal pagina's:336

Uitgever:Simon & Schuster

Druk:1

Verschijningsdatum:31-3-2025

Hoofdrubriek:Literatuur en romans, Wetenschap en techniek

Serie:A Touchstone book

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Inhoudsopgave

CONTENTS 1 PROLOGUE 1.1 THE AGENTS OF THE MIND 1.2 THE MIND AND THE BRAIN 1.3 THE SOCIETY OF MIND 1.4 THE WORLD OF BLOCKS 1.5 COMMON SENSE 1.6 AGENTS AND AGENCIES 2 WHOLES AND PARTS 2.1 COMPONENTS AND CONNECTIONS 2.2 NOVELISTS AND REDUCTIONISTS 2.3 PARTS AND WHOLES 2.4 HOLES AND PARTS 2.5 EASY THINGS ARE HARD 2.6 ARE PEOPLE MACHINES? 3 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 3.1 CONFLICT 3.2 NONCOMPROMISE 3.3 HIERARCHIES 3.4 HETERARCHIES 3.5 DESTRUCTIVENESS 3.6 PAIN AND PLEASURE SIMPLIFIED 4 THE SELF 4.1 THE SELF 4.2 ONE SELF OR MANY? 4.3 THE SOUL 4.4 THE CONSERVATIVE SELF 4.5 EXPLOITATION 4.6 SELF-CONTROL 4.7 LONG-RANGE PLANS 4.8 IDEALS 5 INDIVIDUALITY 5.1 CIRCULAR CAUSALITY 5.2 UNANSWERABLE QUESTIONS 5.3 THE REMOTE-CONTROL SELF 5.4 PERSONAL IDENTITY 5.5 FASHION AND STYLE 5.6 TRAITS 5.7 PERMANENT IDENTITY 6 INSIGHT AND INTROSPECTION 6.1 CONSCIOUSNESS 6.2 SIGNALS AND SIGNS 6.3 THOUGHT-EXPERIMENTS 6.4 B-BRAINS 6.5 FROZEN REFLECTION 6.6 MOMENTARY MENTAL TIME 6.7 THE CAUSAL NOW 6.8 THINKING WITHOUT THINKING 6.9 HEADS IN THE CLOUDS 6.10 WORLDS OUT OF MIND 6.11 IN-SIGHT 6.12 INTERNAL COMMUNICATION 6.13 SELF-KNOWLEDGE IS DANGEROUS 6.14 CONFUSION 7 PROBLEMS AND GOALS 7.1 INTELLIGENCE 7.2 UNCOMMON SENSE 7.3 THE PUZZLE PRINCIPLE 7.4 PROBLEM SOLVING 7.5 LEARNING AND MEMORY 7.6 REINFORCEMENT AND REWARD 7.7 LOCAL RESPONSIBILITY 7.8 DIFFERENCE-ENGINES 7.9 INTENTIONS 7.10 GENIUS 8 A THEORY OF MEMORY 8.1 K-LINES: A THEORY OF MEMORY 8.2 RE-MEMBERING 8.3 MENTAL STATES AND DISPOSITIONS 8.4 PARTIAL MENTAL STATES 8.5 LEVEL-BANDS 8.6 LEVELS 8.7 FRINGES 8.8 SOCIETIES OF MEMORIES 8.9 KNOWLEDGE-TREES 8.10 LEVELS AND CLASSIFICATIONS 8.11 LAYERS OF SOCIETIES 9 SUMMARIES 9.1 WANTING AND LIKING 9.2 GERRYMANDERING 9.3 LEARNING FROM FAILURE 9.4 ENJOYING DISCOMFORT 10 PAPERT'S PRINCIPLE 10.1 PIAGET'S EXPERIMENTS 10.2 REASONING ABOUT AMOUNTS 10.3 PRIORITIES 10.4 PAPERT'S PRINCIPLE 10.5 THE SOCIETY-OF-MORE 10.6 ABOUT PIAGET'S EXPERIMENTS 10.7 THE CONCEPT OF CONCEPT 10.8 EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT 10.9 LEARNING A HIERARCHY 11 THE SHAPE OF SPACE 11.1 SEEING RED 11.2 THE SHAPE OF SPACE 11.3 NEARNESSES 11.4 INNATE GEOGRAPHY 11.5 SENSING SIMILARITIES 11.6 THE CENTERED SELF 11.7 PREDESTINED LEARNING 11.8 HALF-BRAINS 11.9 DUMBBELL THEORIES 12 LEARNING MEANING 12.1 A BLOCK-ARCH SCENARIO 12.2 LEARNING MEANING 12.3 UNIFRAMES 12.4 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 12.5 THE FUNCTIONS OF STRUCTURES 12.6 ACCUMULATION 12.7 ACCUMULATION STRATEGIES 12.8 PROBLEMS OF DISUNITY 12.9 THE EXCEPTION PRINCIPLE 12.10 HOW TOWERS WORK 12.11 HOW CAUSES WORK 12.12 MEANING AND DEFINITION 12.13 BRIDGE-DEFINITIONS 13 SEEING AND BELIEVING 13.1 REFORMULATION 13.2 BOUNDARIES 13.3 SEEING AND BELIEVING 13.4 CHILDREN'S DRAWING-FRAMES 13.5 LEARNING A SCRIPT 13.6 THE FRONTIER EFFECT 13.7 DUPLICATIONS 14 REFORMULATION 14.1 USING REFORMULATIONS 14.2 THE BODY-SUPPORT CONCEPT 14.3 MEANS AND ENDS 14.4 SEEING SQUARES 14.5 BRAINSTORMING 14.6 THE INVESTMENT PRINCIPLE 14.7 PARTS AND HOLES 14.8 THE POWER OF NEGATIVE THINKING 14.9 THE INTERACTION-SQUARE 15 CONSCIOUSNESS AND MEMORY 15.1 MOMENTARY MENTAL STATE 15.2 SELF-EXAMINATION 15.3 MEMORY 15.4 MEMORIES OF MEMORIES 15.5 THE IMMANENCE ILLUSION 15.6 MANY KINDS OF MEMORY 15.7 MEMORY REARRANGEMENTS 15.8 ANATOMY OF MEMORY 15.9 INTERRUPTION AND RECOVERY 15.10 LOSING TRACK 15.11 THE RECURSION PRINCIPLE 16 EMOTION 16.1 EMOTION 16.2 MENTAL GROWTH 16.3 MENTAL PROTO-SPECIALISTS 16.4 CROSS-EXCLUSION 16.5 AVALANCHE EFFECTS 16.6 MOTIVATION 16.7 EXPLOITATION 16.8 STIMULUS VS. SIMULUS 16.9 INFANT EMOTIONS 16.10 ADULT EMOTIONS 17 DEVELOPMENT 17.1 SEQUENCES OF TEACHING-SELVES 17.2 ATTACHMENT-LEARNING 17.3 ATTACHMENT SIMPLIFIES 17.4 FUNCTIONAL AUTONOMY 17.5 DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES 17.6 PREREQUISITES FOR GROWTH 17.7 GENETIC TIMETABLES 17.8 ATTACHMENT-IMAGES 17.9 DIFFERENT SPANS OF MEMORIES 17.10 INTELLECTUAL TRAUMA 17.11 INTELLECTUAL IDEALS f0 18 REASONING 18.1 MUST MACHINES BE LOGICAL? 18.2 CHAINS OF REASONING 18.3 CHAINING 18.4 LOGICAL CHAINS 18.5 STRONG ARGUMENTS 18.6 MAGNITUDE FROM MULTITUDE 18.7 WHAT IS A NUMBER? 18.8 MATHEMATICS MADE HARD 18.9 ROBUSTNESS AND RECOVERY 19 WORDS AND IDEAS 19.1 THE ROOTS OF INTENTION 19.2 THE LANGUAGE-AGENCY 19.3 WORDS AND IDEAS 19.4 OBJECTS AND PROPERTIES 19.5 POLYNEMES 19.6 RECOGNIZERS 19.7 WEIGHING EVIDENCE 19.8 GENERALIZING 19.9 RECOGNIZING THOUGHTS 19.10 CLOSING THE RING 20 CONTEXT AND AMBIGUITY 20.1 AMBIGUITY 20.2 NEGOTIATING AMBIGUITY 20.3 VISUAL AMBIGUITY 20.4 LOCKING-IN AND WEEDING-OUT 20.5 MICRONEMES 20.6 THE NEMEIC SPIRAL 20.7 CONNECTIONS 20.8 CONNECTION LINES 20.9 DISTRIBUTED MEMORY 21 TRANS-FRAMES 21.1 THE PRONOUNS OF THE MIND 21.2 PRONOMES 21.3 TRANS-FRAMES 21.4 COMMUNICATION AMONG AGENTS 21.5 AUTOMATISM 21.6 TRANS-FRAME PRONOMES 21.7 GENERALIZING WITH PRONOMES 21.8 ATTENTION 22 EXPRESSION 22.1 PRONOMES AND POLYNEMES 22.2 ISONOMES 22.3 DE-SPECIALIZING 22.4 LEARNING AND TEACHING 22.5 INFERENCE 22.6 EXPRESSION 22.7 CAUSES AND CLAUSES 22.8 INTERRUPTIONS 22.9 PRONOUNS AND REFERENCES 22.10 VERBAL EXPRESSION 22.11 CREATIVE EXPRESSION 23 COMPARISONS 23.1 A WORLD OF DIFFERENCES 23.2 DIFFERENCES AND DUPLICATES 23.3 TIME BLINKING 23.4 THE MEANINGS OF MORE 23.5 FOREIGN ACCENTS 24 FRAMES 24.1 THE SPEED OF THOUGHT 24.2 FRAMES OF MIND 24.3 HOW TRANS-FRAMES WORK 24.4 DEFAULT ASSUMPTIONS 24.5 NONVERBAL REASONING 24.6 DIRECTION-NEMES 24.7 PICTURE-FRAMES 24.8 HOW PICTURE-FRAMES WORK 24.9 RECOGNIZERS AND MEMORIZERS 25 FRAME-ARRAYS 25.1 ONE FRAME AT A TIME? 25.2 FRAME-ARRAYS 25.3 THE STATIONARY WORLD 25.4 THE SENSE OF CONTINUITY 25.5 EXPECTATIONS 25.6 THE FRAME IDEA 26 LANGUAGE-FRAMES 26.1 UNDERSTANDING WORDS 26.2 UNDERSTANDING STORIES 26.3 SENTENCE-FRAMES 26.4 A PARTY-FRAME 26.5 STORY-FRAMES 26.6 SENTENCE AND NONSENSE 26.7 FRAMES FOR NOUNS 26.8 FRAMES FOR VERBS 26.9 LANGUAGE AND VISION 26.10 LEARNING LANGUAGE 26.11 GRAMMAR 26.12 COHERENT DISCOURSE 27 CENSORS AND JOKES 27.1 DEMONS 27.2 SUPPRESSORS 27.3 CENSORS 27.4 EXCEPTIONS TO LOGIC 27.5 JOKES 27.6 HUMOR AND CENSORSHIP 27.7 LAUGHTER 27.8 GOOD HUMOR 28 THE MIND AND THE WORLD 28.1 THE MYTH OF MENTAL ENERGY 28.2 MAGNITUDE AND MARKETPLACE 28.3 QUANTITY AND QUALITY 28.4 MIND OVER MATTER 28.5 THE MIND AND THE WORLD 28.6 MINDS AND MACHINES 28.7 INDIVIDUAL IDENTITIES 28.8 OVERLAPPING MINDS 29 THE REALMS OF THOUGHT 29.1 THE REALMS OF THOUGHT 29.2 SEVERAL THOUGHTS AT ONCE 29.3 PARANOMES 29.4 CROSS-REALM CORRESPONDENCES 29.5 THE PROBLEM OF UNITY 29.6 AUTISTIC CHILDREN 29.7 LIKENESSES AND ANALOGIES 29.8 METAPHORS 30 MENTAL MODELS 30.1 KNOWING 30.2 KNOWING AND BELIEVING 30.3 MENTAL MODELS 30.4 WORLD MODELS 30.5 KNOWING OURSELVES 30.6 FREEDOM OF WILL 30.7 THE MYTH OF THE THIRD ALTERNATIVE 30.8 INTELLIGENCE AND RESOURCEFULNESS APPENDIX 31.1 HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT 31.2 THE GENESIS OF MENTAL REALMS 31.3 GESTURES AND TRAJECTORIES 31.4 BRAIN CONNECTIONS 31.5 SURVIVAL INSTINCT 31.6 EVOLUTION AND INTENT 31.7 INSULATION AND INTERACTION 31.8 EVOLUTION OF HUMAN THOUGHT POSTSCRIPT AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT GLOSSARY AND BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX