Underground Pipeline Corrosion

<p>Contributor contact details</p> <p>Woodhead Publishing Series in Metals and Surface Engineering</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>References</p> <p>Versatile</p> <p>Part I: Understanding and managing corrosion processes</p> <p>1. Understanding corrosion in underground pipelines: basic principles</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>1.1 Introduction</p> <p>1.2 Electrochemical corrosion: conventional current theory</p> <p>1.3 Electrochemical corrosion: advanced theories</p> <p>1.4 Other factors in corrosion</p> <p>1.5 Reference cells</p> <p>1.6 Corrosion processes affecting pipelines</p> <p>1.7 Environmental cracking</p> <p>1.8 Microbiologically influenced corrosion</p> <p>1.9 Corrosion protection methods: coatings</p> <p>1.10 Corrosion protection methods: cathodic protection (CP)</p> <p>1.11 Conclusion</p> <p>1.12 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>13 References</p> <p>2. AC-induced corrosion of underground pipelines</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>2.1 Introduction</p> <p>2.2 The origin of alternating voltage induced in pipelines</p> <p>2.3 Electrical parameters affecting the AC-corrosion process</p> <p>2.4 Harmonic analysis of AC corrosion</p> <p>2.5 Cathodic protection of pipelines</p> <p>2.6 Analysis of AC-corrosion products</p> <p>2.7 Testing AC-corrosion processes</p> <p>2.8 Conclusion</p> <p>2.9 References</p> <p>3. Assessing the significance of corrosion in onshore oil and gas pipelines</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>3.1 Introduction</p> <p>3.2 Corrosion in onshore pipelines</p> <p>3.3 Detecting corrosion</p> <p>3.4 Preventing corrosion</p> <p>3.5 Assessment of corrosion</p> <p>3.6 Particular corrosion assessment methods</p> <p>3.7 Particular issues in corrosion assessment</p> <p>3.8 Conclusion</p> <p>3.9 References</p> <p>4. Numerical simulations for cathodic protection of pipelines</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>4.1 Introduction</p> <p>4.2 Historical perspective</p> <p>4.3 Model development</p> <p>4.4 Model validation</p> <p>4.5 Applications</p> <p>4.6 Conclusion</p> <p>4.7 References</p> <p>5. Corrosion processes and the use of corrosion inhibitors in managing corrosion in underground pipelines</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>5.1 Introduction</p> <p>5.2 Sources of corrosion in oil and gas production</p> <p>5.3 Techniques used in monitoring corrosion inhibitors in oil and gas pipelines</p> <p>5.4 Measuring pitting corrosion rates</p> <p>5.5 The use of coupons to measure corrosion rates</p> <p>5.6 Comparing different monitoring techniques</p> <p>5.7 Conclusion</p> <p>5.8 References</p> <p>6. Types of corrosion inhibitor for managing corrosion in underground pipelines</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>6.1 Introduction</p> <p>6.2 Types of inhibitors</p> <p>6.3 The effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors in particular corrosion environments</p> <p>6.4 Criteria used in the selection of inhibitors in sour media</p> <p>6.5 Mechanisms of corrosion inhibition</p> <p>6.6 Types of inhibitors</p> <p>6.7 Summary of corrosion inhibitors used in oil pipeline media</p> <p>6.8 References</p> <p>Part II: Methods for detecting corrosion</p> <p>7. Electromagnetic methods for detecting corrosion in underground pipelines: magnetic flux leakage (MFL)</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>7.1 Introduction</p> <p>7.2 Background and definitions</p> <p>7.3 Typical inspection system capabilities</p> <p>7.4 Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) pigs</p> <p>7.5 Summary of MFL strengths and weaknesses</p> <p>7.6 Conclusion and future trends</p> <p>7.7 Sources of further information and advice</p> <p>7.8 References</p> <p>8. The close interval potential survey (CIS/CIPS) method for detecting corrosion in underground pipelines</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>8.1 Introduction</p> <p>8.2 Equipment</p> <p>8.3 Data collection</p> <p>8.4 Conducting a CIS</p> <p>8.5 CIS data validation</p> <p>8.6 Assessing results</p> <p>8.7 Summary of CIS benefits and disadvantages</p> <p>8.8 Future trends</p> <p>8.9 References</p> <p>9. The Pearson survey method for detecting corrosion in underground pipelines</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>9.1 Introduction</p> <p>9.2 Key principles of the Pearson survey technique</p> <p>9.3 Advantages and disadvantages over other survey techniques</p> <p>9.4 Basic equipment used for the Pearson survey</p> <p>9.5 Modern developments of the technique</p> <p>9.6 Conclusion</p> <p>9.7 References</p> <p>10. In-line inspection (ILI) methods for detecting corrosion in underground pipelines</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>10.1 Introduction</p> <p>10.2 Pipeline flaws</p> <p>10.3 Inspection technologies and principles</p> <p>10.4 Preparing for in-line inspection</p> <p>10.5 Carrying out an ILI survey</p> <p>10.6 Analysis and interpretation of ILI data</p> <p>10.7 Future trends</p> <p>10.8 References</p> <p>11. The use of probes for detecting corrosion in underground pipelines</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>11.1 Introduction</p> <p>11.2 Electrochemical methods</p> <p>11.3 Potential measurements</p> <p>11.4 Linear polarization resistance</p> <p>11.5 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy</p> <p>11.6 Galvanic sensors</p> <p>11.7 Non-electrochemical methods: coupons</p> <p>11.8 Optical-based methods</p> <p>11.9 Electrical resistance probes</p> <p>11.10 Challenges and limitations in using probes</p> <p>11.11 Conclusion</p> <p>11.12 References</p> <p>Index</p>