The Handbook of the Criminology of Terrorism

Notes on Contributors viii

Part I Introduction 1
Bringing Criminology into the Study of Terrorism 3
Gary LaFree and Joshua D. Freilich

Part II Etiology 15
1 The Etiology of Radicalization 17
Randy Borum
2 Psychological Factors in Radicalization: A 3 N Approach 33
David Webber and Arie W. Kruglanski
3 What Makes Them Do It? Individual–Level Indicators of Extremist Outcomes 47
John P. Sawyer and Justin Hienz
4 The Terrorists Planning Cycle: Patterns of Pre–incident Behavior 62
Brent L. Smith, Paxton Roberts, and Kelly R. Damphousse
5 Group–level Predictors of Political and Religiously Motivated Violence 77
Katharine A. Boyd
6 Country–level Predictors of Terrorism 93
Nancy A. Morris and Gary LaFree

Part III Theories 119
7 General Strain Theory and Terrorism 121
Robert Agnew
8 Social Learning Theory and Becoming a Terrorist: New Challenges for a General Theory 133
J. Keith Akins and L. Thomas Winfree, Jr.
9 The Situational Approach to Terrorism 150
Henda Y. Hsu and Graeme R. Newman

10 Victimization Theories and Terrorism 162
William S. Parkin
11 Analyzing Radicalization and Terrorism: A Situational Action Theory 175
Per–Olof H. Wikström and Noémie Bouhana

Part IV Research Methods 187
12 Measuring Terrorism 189
Laura Dugan and Michael Distler
13 Paradigmatic Case Studies and Prison Ethnography: Future Directions in Terrorism Research 206
Mark S. Hamm and Ramón Spaaij
14 Social Network Analysis and Terrorism 221
Aili Malm, Rebecca Nash, and Ramin Moghadam
15 Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Terrorism and Insurgency 232
Shane D. Johnson and Alex Braithwaite
16 Applying Multilevel Models to Terrorism Research 244
Brian D. Johnson
17 Methodological Advances in the Study of Terrorism: Using Latent Class Growth Analysis to Estimate Terrorism Trends 260
Nancy A. Morris
18 Interrupted Time Series Analysis in the Study of Terrorism 276
Robert Apel and Henda Y. Hsu

Part V Types of Terrorism 295
19 Far Right Terrorism in the United States 297
Pete Simi and Bryan F. Bubolz
20 Left–wing Terrorism: From Anarchists to the Radical Environmental Movement and Back 310
Jennifer Varriale Carson
21 Assessing Aerial Hijacking as a Terrorist Tactic 323
Susan Fahey
22 Evolution of Suicide Attacks 339
Ami Pedahzur and Susanne Martin
23 Terrorist Assassinations: A Criminological Perspective 353
Marissa Mandala