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Bad Arguments

100 of the Most Important Fallacies in Western Philosophy

Paperback Engels 2018 9781119167907
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A timely and accessible guide to 100 of the most infamous logical fallacies in Western philosophy, helping readers avoid and detect false assumptions and faulty reasoning
You ll love this book or you ll hate it. So, you re either with us or against us. And if you re against us then you hate books. No true intellectual would hate this book.
Ever decide to avoid a restaurant because of one bad meal? Choose a product because a celebrity endorsed it? Or ignore what a politician says because she s not a member of your party? For as long as people have been discussing, conversing, persuading, advocating, proselytizing, pontificating, or otherwise stating their case, their arguments have been vulnerable to false assumptions and faulty reasoning. Drawing upon a long history of logical falsehoods and philosophical flubs, Bad Arguments demonstrates how misguided arguments come to be, and what we can do to detect them in the rhetoric of others and avoid using them ourselves.
Fallacies or conclusions that don t follow from their premise are at the root of most bad arguments, but it can be easy to stumble into a fallacy without realizing it. In this clear and concise guide to good arguments gone bad, Robert Arp, Steven Barbone, and Michael Bruce take readers through 100 of the most infamous fallacies in Western philosophy, identifying the most common missteps, pitfalls, and dead–ends of arguments gone awry. Whether an instance of sunk costs, is ought, affirming the consequent, moving the goal post, begging the question, or the ever–popular slippery slope, each fallacy engages with examples drawn from contemporary politics, economics, media, and popular culture. Further diagrams and tables supplement entries and contextualize common errors in logical reasoning.
At a time in our world when it is crucial to be able to identify and challenge rhetorical half–truths, this bookhelps readers to better understand flawed argumentation and develop logical literacy. Unrivaled in its breadth of coverage and a worthy companion to its sister volume Just the Arguments (2011), Bad Arguments is an essential tool for undergraduate students and general readers looking to hone their critical thinking and rhetorical skills.

Specificaties

ISBN13:9781119167907
Taal:Engels
Bindwijze:paperback
Aantal pagina's:456
Verschijningsdatum:21-9-2018
Hoofdrubriek:Filosofie

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Inhoudsopgave

Notes on Contributors xiii
Introduction 1

Part I Formal Fallacies 35
Propositional Logic 37
Affirming a Disjunct 39
Jason Iuliano
Affirming the Consequent 42
Brett Gaul
Denying the Antecedent 46
Brett Gaul
Categorical Logic 49
Exclusive Premises 51
Charlene Elsby
Four Terms 55
Charlene Elsby
Illicit Major and Minor Terms 60
Charlene Elsby
Undistributed Middle 63
Charlene Elsby

Part II Informal Fallacies 67
Fallacies of Relevance 69
Ad Hominem: Bias 71
George Wrisley
Ad Hominem: Circumstantial 77
George Wrisley
Ad Hominem: Direct 83
George Wrisley
Ad Hominem: Tu Quoque 88
George Wrisley
Adverse Consequences 94
David Vander Laan
Appeal to Emotion: Force or Fear 98
George Wrisley
Appeal to Emotion: Pity 102
George Wrisley
Appeal to Ignorance 106
Benjamin W. McCraw
Appeal to the People 112
Benjamin W. McCraw
Appeal to Personal Incredulity 115
Tuomas W. Manninen
Appeal to Ridicule 118
Gregory L. Bock
Appeal to Tradition 121
Nicolas Michaud
Argument from Fallacy 125
Christian Cotton
Availability Error 128
David Kyle Johnson
Base Rate 133
Tuomas W. Manninen
Burden of Proof 137
Andrew Russo
Countless Counterfeits 140
David Kyle Johnson
Diminished Responsibility 145
Tuomas W. Manninen
Essentializing 149
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