Applied Physical Pharmacy, Third Edition

Contributors <br/> Preface <br/> 1. Introduction to Biopharmaceutics <br/> Introduction <br/> Drug Disposition—The Fate of the Drug After Administration <br/> Ladme <br/> Conclusion <br/> Key Point <br/> Clinical Questions <br/> 2. States of Matter Related to Pharmaceutical Formulations <br/> Introduction <br/> Intermolecular Forces <br/> States of Matter <br/> Stability of Solids <br/> Acknowledgment <br/> Problems <br/> Answers <br/> Key Points <br/> Clinical Questions <br/> Appendix <br/> 3. Physical Properties of Solutions <br/> General Considerations <br/> Concentration Expressions <br/> Classification of Aqueous Solution Systems <br/> Physical Properties of Solutions <br/> Physiologic Applications of Colligative Properties <br/> Isotonic Solutions <br/> Sodium Chloride Equivalent Values (E) <br/> Problems <br/> Answers <br/> Key Points <br/> Clinical Questions <br/> Appendix <br/> 4. Ionic Equilibria and Buffers <br/> Electrolytes Versus Nonelectrolytes <br/> Importance of Ionization in Pharmacy <br/> Acids and Bases <br/> Ionization of Water <br/> Ionization of Electrolytes <br/> Ionization of Salts <br/> Buffers <br/> Ionization of Amphoteric Electrolytes <br/> Ionization of Polyprotic Acids <br/> Activity and Activity Coefficient <br/> Acid–Base Titration and Titration Curve <br/> Problems <br/> Answers <br/> Key Points <br/> Clinical Questions <br/> Appendix <br/> Suggested Readings <br/> 5. Solubility, Dissolution, and Partitioning <br/> Solubility <br/> Dissolution <br/> Dissolution of Particles <br/> Factors Affecting Drug Dissolution <br/> Partitioning <br/> Solubility Problems <br/> Answers <br/> Dissolution Problems <br/> Answers <br/> Partitioning Problems <br/> Answers <br/> Key Points <br/> Clinical Questions <br/> Appendix <br/> 6. Mass Transport <br/> Introduction <br/> Transport Systems <br/> Diffusion Through a Membrane <br/> Significance of Diffusion <br/> Significance of Osmosis <br/> Problems <br/> Answers <br/> Key Points <br/> Clinical Questions <br/> 7. Complexation and Protein Binding <br/> Introduction <br/> Types of Complexes <br/> Metal–Ion Coordinate Complexes <br/> Cyclodextrin Complexes <br/> Ion-Exchange Resins <br/> Protein–Ligand Interactions <br/> Plasma Protein Binding <br/> Problems <br/> Answers <br/> Key Points <br/> Clinical Questions <br/> Appendix <br/> 8. Dispersed Systems <br/> Dispersed Systems Classified by Their Phases <br/> Dispersed Systems Classified by Their Particle Size <br/> Physical Stability of Dispersed Systems <br/> Summary <br/> Problems <br/> Answers <br/> Key Points <br/> Clinical Questions <br/> Suggested Readings <br/> 9. Interfacial Phenomena <br/> Surface Tension <br/> Electrical Double Layer <br/> Adsorption <br/> Problems <br/> Answers <br/> Key Points <br/> Clinical Questions <br/> Appendix <br/> 10. Rheology <br/> Introduction <br/> Newtonian Flow <br/> Viscosity of Newtonian Fluids <br/> Effect of Temperature on Viscosity <br/> Non-Newtonian Flow <br/> Thixotropy <br/> Viscoelasticity <br/> Significance of Rheology <br/> Viscosity Modifiers <br/> Problems <br/> Answers <br/> Key Points <br/> Clinical Questions <br/> Appendix <br/> 11. Chemical Kinetics of Pharmaceuticals <br/> Common Drug Degradation Reactions <br/> Order of Reaction <br/> Determination of the Order of a Reaction <br/> Stability and Shelf-Life of Drugs <br/> Enzyme Catalysis Reactions <br/> Pharmacokinetics: An Extension of Reaction Kinetics <br/> Problems <br/> Answers <br/> Clinical Questions <br/> Suggested Readings <br/> Appendix: Basic Mathematical Concepts <br/> Equations <br/> Logarithmic Function <br/> Exponential Function <br/> Differentiation and Integration Functions <br/> Bibliography <br/> Mathematical Tables <br/> Endnotes <br/> Index