Physics for Scientists & Engineers with Modern Physics, Global Edition -- Mastering Physics with Pearson eText

<div class="c-non-traditional-number-list_container"> <ol> <li><strong>Introduction, Measurement, Estimating</strong> <ul> <li>How Science Works</li> <li>Models, Theories, and Laws</li> <li>Measurement and Uncertainty; Significant Figures</li> <li>Units, Standards, and the SI System</li> <li>Converting Units</li> <li>Order of Magnitude: Rapid Estimating</li> <li>*Dimensions and Dimensional Analysis</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Describing Motion: Kinematics in One Dimension</strong> <ul> <li>Reference Frames and Displacement</li> <li>Average Velocity</li> <li>Instantaneous Velocity</li> <li>Acceleration</li> <li>Motion at Constant Acceleration</li> <li>Solving Problems</li> <li>Freely Falling Objects</li> <li>*Variable Acceleration; Integral Calculus</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Kinematics in Two or Three Dimensions; Vectors</strong> <ul> <li>Vectors and Scalars</li> <li>Addition of Vectors—Graphical Methods</li> <li>Subtraction of Vectors, and Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar</li> <li>Adding Vectors by Components</li> <li>Unit Vectors</li> <li>Vector Kinematics</li> <li>Solving Problems Involving Projectile Motion</li> <li>Relative Velocity</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Dynamics: Newton's Laws of Motion</strong> <ul> <li>Force</li> <li>Newton's First Law of Motion</li> <li>Mass</li> <li>Newton's Second Law of Motion</li> <li>Newton's Third Law of Motion</li> <li>Weight—the Force of Gravity; and the Normal Force</li> <li>Solving Problems with Newton's Laws: Free-Body Diagrams</li> <li>Problem Solving—A General Approach</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Using Newton's Laws: Friction, Circular Motion, Drag Forces</strong> <ul> <li>Using Newton's Laws with Friction</li> <li>Uniform Circular Motion—Kinematics</li> <li>Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion</li> <li>Highway Curves: Banked and Unbanked</li> <li>Nonuniform Circular Motion</li> <li>*Velocity-Dependent Forces: Drag and Terminal Velocity</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Gravitation and Newton's Synthesis</strong> <ul> <li>Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation</li> <li>Vector Form of Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation</li> <li>Gravity Near the Earth's Surface</li> <li>Satellites and "Weightlessness"</li> <li>Planets, Kepler's Laws, and Newton's Synthesis</li> <li>Moon Rises an Hour Later Each Day</li> <li>Types of Forces in Nature</li> <li>*Gravitational Field</li> <li>*Principle of Equivalence; Curvature of Space; Black Holes</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Work and Energy</strong> <ul> <li>Work Done by a Constant Force</li> <li>Scalar Product of Two Vectors</li> <li>Work Done by a Varying Force</li> <li>Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Principle</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Conservation of Energy</strong> <ul> <li>Conservative and Nonconservative Forces</li> <li>Potential Energy</li> <li>Mechanical Energy and Its Conservation</li> <li>Problem Solving Using Conservation of Mechanical Energy</li> <li>The Law of Conservation of Energy</li> <li>Energy Conservation with Dissipative Forces: Solving Problems</li> <li>Gravitational Potential Energy and Escape Velocity</li> <li>Power</li> <li>Potential Energy Diagrams; Stable and Unstable Equilibrium</li> <li>*Gravitational Assist (Slingshot)</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Linear Momentum</strong> <ul> <li>Momentum and Its Relation to Force</li> <li>Conservation of Momentum</li> <li>Collisions and Impulse</li> <li>Conservation of Energy and Momentum in Collisions</li> <li>Elastic Collisions in One Dimension</li> <li>Inelastic Collisions</li> <li>Collisions in 2 or 3 Dimensions</li> <li>Center of Mass (cm)</li> <li>Center of Mass and Translational Motion</li> <li>*Systems of Variable Mass; Rocket Propulsion</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Rotational Motion</strong> <ul> <li>Angular Quantities</li> <li>Vector Nature of Angular Quantities</li> <li>Constant Angular Acceleration</li> <li>Torque</li> <li>Rotational Dynamics; Torque and Rotational Inertia</li> <li>Solving Problems in Rotational Dynamics</li> <li>Determining Moments of Inertia</li> <li>Rotational Kinetic Energy</li> <li>Rotational plus Translational Motion; Rolling</li> <li>*Why Does a Rolling Sphere Slow Down?</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Angular Momentum; General Rotation</strong> <ul> <li>Angular Momentum — Objects Rotating About a Fixed Axis</li> <li>Vector Cross Product; Torque as a Vector</li> <li>Angular Momentum of a Particle</li> <li>Angular Momentum and Torque for a System of Particles; General Motion</li> <li>Angular Momentum and Torque for a Rigid Object</li> <li>Conservation of Angular Momentum</li> <li>*The Spinning Top and Gyroscope</li> <li>Rotating Frames of Reference; Inertial Forces</li> <li>*The Coriolis Effect</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Static Equilibrium; Elasticity and Fracture</strong> <ul> <li>The Conditions for Equilibrium</li> <li>Solving Statics Problems</li> <li>*Applications to Muscles and Joints</li> <li>Stability and Balance</li> <li>Elasticity; Stress and Strain</li> <li>Fracture</li> <li>Trusses and Bridges</li> <li>Arches and Domes</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Fluids</strong> <ul> <li>Phases of Matter</li> <li>Density and Specific Gravity</li> <li>Pressure in Fluids</li> <li>Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure</li> <li>Pascal's Principle</li> <li>Measurement of Pressure; Gauges and the Barometer</li> <li>Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle</li> <li>Fluids in Motion; Flow Rate and the Equation of Continuity</li> <li>Bernoulli's Equation</li> <li>Applications of Bernoulli's Principle: Torricelli, Airplanes, Baseballs,Blood Flow</li> <li>Viscosity</li> <li>*Flow in Tubes: Poiseuille's Equation, Blood Flow</li> <li>*Surface Tension and Capillarity</li> <li>*Pumps, and the Heart</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Oscillations</strong> <ul> <li>Oscillations of a Spring</li> <li>Simple Harmonic Motion</li> <li>Energy in the Simple Harmonic Oscillator</li> <li>Simple Harmonic Motion Related to Uniform Circular Motion</li> <li>The Simple Pendulum</li> <li>*The Physical Pendulum and the Torsion Pendulum</li> <li>Damped Harmonic Motion</li> <li>Forced Oscillations; Resonance</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Wave Motion</strong> <ul> <li>Characteristics of Wave Motion</li> <li>Types of Waves: Transverse and Longitudinal</li> <li>Energy Transported by Waves</li> <li>Mathematical Representation of a Traveling Wave</li> <li>*The Wave Equation</li> <li>The Principle of Superposition</li> <li>Reflection and Transmission</li> <li>Interference</li> <li>Standing Waves; Resonance</li> <li>Refraction</li> <li>Diffraction</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Sound</strong> <ul> <li>Characteristics of Sound</li> <li>Mathematical Representation of Longitudinal Waves</li> <li>Intensity of Sound: Decibels</li> <li>Sources of Sound: Vibrating Strings and Air Columns</li> <li>*Quality of Sound, and Noise; Superposition</li> <li>Interference of Sound Waves; Beats</li> <li>Doppler Effect</li> <li>*Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom</li> <li>*Applications: Sonar, Ultrasound, and Medical Imaging</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Temperature, Thermal Expansion, and the Ideal Gas Law</strong> <ul> <li>Atomic Theory of Matter</li> <li>Temperature and Thermometers</li> <li>Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics</li> <li>Thermal Expansion</li> <li>*Thermal Stresses</li> <li>The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature</li> <li>The Ideal Gas Law</li> <li>Problem Solving with the Ideal Gas Law</li> <li>Ideal Gas Law in Terms of Molecules: Avogadro's Number</li> <li>*Ideal Gas Temperature Scale—a Standard</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Kinetic Theory of Gases</strong> <ul> <li>The Ideal Gas Law and the Molecular Interpretation of Temperature</li> <li>Distribution of Molecular Speeds</li> <li>Real Gases and Changes of Phase</li> <li>Vapor Pressure and Humidity</li> <li>Temperature of Water Decrease with Altitude</li> <li>Van der Waals Equation of State</li> <li>Mean Free Path</li> <li>Diffusion</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics</strong> <ul> <li>Heat as Energy Transfer</li> <li>Internal Energy</li> <li>Specific Heat</li> <li>Calorimetry— Solving Problems</li> <li>Latent Heat</li> <li>The First Law of Thermodynamics</li> <li>Thermodynamic Processes and the First Law</li> <li>Molar Specific Heats for Gases, and the Equipartition of Energy</li> <li>Adiabatic Expansion of a Gas</li> <li>Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Second Law of Thermodynamics</strong> <ul> <li>The Second Law of Thermodynamics— Introduction</li> <li>Heat Engines</li> <li>The Carnot Engine; Reversible and Irreversible Processes</li> <li>Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat Pumps</li> <li>Entropy</li> <li>Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics</li> <li>Order to Disorder</li> <li>Unavailability of Energy; Heat Death</li> <li>Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law</li> <li>Thermodynamic Temperature; Third Law of Thermodynamics</li> <li>*Thermal Pollution, Global Warming, and Energy Resources</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Electric Charge and Electric Field</strong> <ul> <li>Static Electricity; Electric Charge and Its Conservation</li> <li>Electric Charge in the Atom</li> <li>Insulators and Conductors</li> <li>Induced Charge; the Electroscope</li> <li>Coulomb's Law</li> <li>The Electric Field</li> <li>Electric Field Calculations for Continuous Charge Distributions</li> <li>Field Lines</li> <li>Electric Fields and Conductors</li> <li>Motion of a Charged Particle in an Electric Field</li> <li>Electric Dipoles</li> <li>*Electric Forces in Molecular Biology: DNA Structure and Replication</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Gauss's Law</strong> <ul> <li>Electric Flux</li> <li>Gauss's Law</li> <li>Applications of Gauss's Law</li> <li>*Experimental Basis of Gauss's and Coulomb's Laws</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Electric Potential</strong> <ul> <li>Electric Potential Energy and Potential Difference</li> <li>Relation between Electric Potential and Electric Field</li> <li>Electric Potential Due to Point Charges</li> <li>Potential Due to Any Charge Distribution</li> <li>Equipotential Lines and Surfaces</li> <li>Potential Due to Electric Dipole; Dipole Moment</li> <li>E→Determined from V</li> <li>Electrostatic Potential Energy; the Electron Volt</li> <li>Digital; Binary Numbers; Signal Voltage</li> <li>TV and Computer Monitors</li> <li>Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Capacitance, Dielectrics, Electric Energy Storage</strong> <ul> <li>Capacitors</li> <li>Determination of Capacitance</li> <li>Capacitors in Series and Parallel</li> <li>Storage of Electric Energy</li> <li>Dielectrics</li> <li>*Molecular Description of Dielectrics</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Electric Current and Resistance</strong> <ul> <li>The Electric Battery</li> <li>Electric Current</li> <li>Ohm's Law: Resistance and Resistors</li> <li>Resistivity</li> <li>Electric Power</li> <li>Power in Household Circuits</li> <li>Alternating Current</li> <li>Microscopic View of Electric Current</li> <li>*Superconductivity</li> <li>*Electrical Conduction in the Human Nervous System</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>DC Circuits</strong> <ul> <li>EMF and Terminal Voltage</li> <li>Resistors in Series and in Parallel</li> <li>Kirchhoff's Rules</li> <li>EMFs in Series and in Parallel; Charging a Battery</li> <li>RC Circuits — Resistor and Capacitor in Series</li> <li>Electric Hazards and Safety</li> <li>Ammeters and Voltmeters— Measurement Affects Quantity Measured</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Magnetism</strong> <ul> <li>Magnets and Magnetic Fields</li> <li>Electric Currents Produce Magnetic Fields</li> <li>Force on an Electric Current in a Magnetic Field; Definition of B→</li> <li>Force on an Electric Charge Moving in a Magnetic Field</li> <li>Torque on a Current Loop; Magnetic Dipole Moment</li> <li>Applications: Motors, Loudspeakers, Galvanometers</li> <li>Discovery and Properties of the Electron</li> <li>The Hall Effect</li> <li>Mass Spectrometer</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Sources of Magnetic Field</strong> <ul> <li>Magnetic Field Due to a Straight Wire</li> <li>Force between Two Parallel Wires</li> <li>Definitions of the Ampere and the Coulomb</li> <li>Ampère's Law</li> <li>Magnetic Field of a Solenoid and a Toroid</li> <li>Biot-Savart Law</li> <li>Magnetic Field Due to a Single Moving Charge</li> <li>Magnetic Materials—Ferromagnetism</li> <li>Electromagnets and Solenoids—Applications</li> <li>Magnetic Fields in Magnetic Materials; Hysteresis</li> <li>*Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Electromagnetic Induction and Faraday's Law</strong> <ul> <li>Induced EMF</li> <li>Faraday's Law of Induction; Lenz's Law</li> <li>EMF Induced in a Moving Conductor</li> <li>Electric Generators</li> <li>Back EMF and Counter Torque; Eddy Currents</li> <li>Transformers and Transmission of Power</li> <li>A Changing Magnetic Flux Produces an Electric Field</li> <li>*Information Storage: Magnetic and Semiconductor</li> <li>*Applications of Induction: Microphone, Seismograph, GFCI</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Inductance, Electromagnetic Oscillations, and AC Circuits</strong> <ul> <li>Mutual Inductance</li> <li>Self-Inductance; Inductors</li> <li>Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field</li> <li>LR Circuits</li> <li>LC Circuits and Electromagnetic Oscillations</li> <li>LC Oscillations with Resistance (LRC Circuit)</li> <li>AC Circuits and Reactance</li> <li>LRC Series AC Circuit; Phasor Diagrams</li> <li>Resonance in AC Circuits</li> <li>Impedance Matching</li> <li>*Three-Phase AC</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic Waves</strong> <ul> <li>Changing Electric Fields Produce Magnetic Fields; Displacement Current</li> <li>Gauss's Law for Magnetism</li> <li>Maxwell's Equations</li> <li>Production of Electromagnetic Waves</li> <li>Electromagnetic Waves, and Their Speed, Derived from Maxwell's Equations</li> <li>Light as an Electromagnetic Wave and the Electromagnetic Spectrum</li> <li>Measuring the Speed of Light</li> <li>Energy in EM Waves; the Poynting Vector</li> <li>Radiation Pressure</li> <li>Radio and Television; Wireless Communication</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Light: Reflection and Refraction</strong> <ul> <li>The Ray Model of Light</li> <li>Reflection; Image Formation by a Plane Mirror</li> <li>Formation of Images by Spherical Mirrors</li> <li>Seeing Yourself in a Magnifying Mirror (Concave)</li> <li>Convex (Rearview) Mirrors</li> <li>Index of Refraction</li> <li>Refraction: Snell's Law</li> <li>The Visible Spectrum and Dispersion</li> <li>Total Internal Reflection; Fiber Optics</li> <li>*Refraction at a Spherical Surface</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Lenses and Optical Instruments</strong> <ul> <li>Thin Lenses; Ray Tracing and Focal Length</li> <li>The Thin Lens Equation</li> <li>Combinations of Lenses</li> <li>Lensmaker's Equation</li> <li>Cameras: Film and Digital</li> <li>The Human Eye; Corrective Lenses</li> <li>Magnifying Glass</li> <li>Compound Microscope</li> <li>Aberrations of Lenses and Mirrors</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>The Wave Nature of Light: Interference and Polarization</strong> <ul> <li>Waves vs. Particles; Huygens' Principle and Diffraction</li> <li>Huygens' Principle and the Law of Refraction</li> <li>Interference-- Young's Double-Slit Experiment</li> <li>Intensity in the Double-Slit Interference Pattern</li> <li>Interference in Thin Films</li> <li>Michelson Interferometer</li> <li>Polarization</li> <li>*Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)</li> <li>*Scattering of Light by the Atmosphere</li> <li>Lumens, Luminous Flux, and Luminous Intensity</li> <li>Efficiency of Lightbulbs</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Diffraction</strong> <ul> <li>Diffraction by a Single Slit or Disk</li> <li>Intensity in Single-Slit Diffraction Pattern</li> <li>Diffraction in the Double-Slit Experiment</li> <li>Interference vs. Diffraction</li> <li>Limits of Resolution; Circular Apertures</li> <li>Resolution of Telescopes and Microscopes; the λ Limit</li> <li>Resolution of the Human Eye and Useful Magnification</li> <li>Diffraction Grating</li> <li>The Spectrometer and Spectroscopy</li> <li>*Peak Widths and Resolving Power for a Diffraction Grating</li> <li>X-Rays and X-Ray Diffraction</li> <li>*X-Ray Imaging and Computed Tomography (CT Scan)</li> <li>*Specialty Microscopes and Contrast</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>The Special Theory of Relativity</strong> <ul> <li>Galilean–Newtonian Relativity</li> <li>The Michelson–Morley Experiment</li> <li>Postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity</li> <li>Simultaneity</li> <li>Time Dilation and the Twin Paradox</li> <li>Length Contraction</li> <li>Four-Dimensional Space-Time</li> <li>Galilean and Lorentz Transformations</li> <li>Relativistic Momentum</li> <li>The Ultimate Speed</li> <li>E = mc²; Mass and Energy</li> <li>Doppler Shift for Light</li> <li>The Impact of Special Relativity</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom</strong> <ul> <li>Blackbody Radiation; Planck's Quantum Hypothesis</li> <li>Photon Theory of Light and the Photoelectric Effect</li> <li>Energy, Mass, and Momentum of a Photon</li> <li>Compton Effect</li> <li>Photon Interactions; Pair Production</li> <li>Wave-Particle Duality; the Principle of Complementarity</li> <li>Wave Nature of Matter</li> <li>Electron Microscopes</li> <li>Early Models of the Atom</li> <li>Atomic Spectra: Key to the Structure of the Atom</li> <li>The Bohr Model</li> <li>de Broglie's Hypothesis Applied to Atoms</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Quantum Mechanics</strong> <ul> <li>Quantum Mechanics—A New Theory</li> <li>The Wave Function and Its Interpretation; the Double-Slit Experiment</li> <li>The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle</li> <li>Philosophic Implications; Probability Versus Determinism</li> <li>The Schrödinger Equation in One Dimension-- Time-Independent Form</li> <li>*Time-Dependent Schrödinger Equation</li> <li>Free Particles; Plane Waves and Wave Packets</li> <li>Particle in an Infinitely Deep Square Well Potential (a Rigid Box)</li> <li>Finite Potential Well</li> <li>Tunneling through a Barrier</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Quantum Mechanics of Atoms</strong> <ul> <li>Quantum-Mechanical View of Atoms</li> <li>Hydrogen Atom: Schrödinger Equation and Quantum Numbers</li> <li>Hydrogen Atom Wave Functions</li> <li>Multielectron Atoms; the Exclusion Principle</li> <li>Periodic Table of Elements</li> <li>X-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number</li> <li>*Magnetic Dipole Moment; Total Angular Momentum</li> <li>Fluorescence and Phosphorescence</li> <li>Lasers</li> <li>*Holography</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Molecules and Solids</strong> <ul> <li>Bonding in Molecules</li> <li>Potential-Energy Diagrams for Molecules</li> <li>Weak (van der Waals) Bonds</li> <li>Molecular Spectra</li> <li>Bonding in Solids</li> <li>Free-Electron Theory of Metals; Fermi Energy</li> <li>Band Theory of Solids</li> <li>Semiconductors and Doping</li> <li>Semiconductor Diodes, LEDs, OLEDs</li> <li>Transistors: Bipolar and MOSFETs</li> <li>Integrated Circuits, 14-nm Technology</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity</strong> <ul> <li>Structure and Properties of the Nucleus</li> <li>Binding Energy and Nuclear Forces</li> <li>Radioactivity</li> <li>Alpha Decay</li> <li>Beta Decay</li> <li>Gamma Decay</li> <li>Conservation of Nucleon Number and Other Conservation Laws</li> <li>Half-Life and Rate of Decay</li> <li>Decay Series</li> <li>Radioactive Dating</li> <li>Detection of Particles</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Nuclear Energy; Effects and Uses of Radiation</strong> <ul> <li>Nuclear Reactions and the Transmutation of Elements</li> <li>Cross Section</li> <li>Nuclear Fission; Nuclear Reactors</li> <li>Nuclear Fusion</li> <li>Passage of Radiation Through Matter; Biological Damage</li> <li>Measurement of Radiation Dosimetry</li> <li>*Radiation Therapy</li> <li>*Tracers in Research and Medicine</li> <li>*Emission Tomography: PET and SPECT</li> <li>*Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR); Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Elementary Particles</strong> <ul> <li>High-Energy Particles and Accelerators</li> <li>Beginnings of Elementary Particle Physics—Particle Exchange</li> <li>Particles and Antiparticles</li> <li>Particle Interactions and Conservation Laws</li> <li>Neutrinos</li> <li>Particle Classification</li> <li>Particle Stability and Resonances</li> <li>Strangeness? Charm? Towards a New Model</li> <li>Quarks</li> <li>The Standard Model: QCD and Electroweak Theory</li> <li>Grand Unified Theories</li> <li>Strings and Supersymmetry</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Astrophysics and Cosmology</strong> <ul> <li>Stars and Galaxies</li> <li>Stellar Evolution: Birth and Death of Stars, Nucleosynthesis</li> <li>Distance Measurements</li> <li>General Relativity: Gravity and the Curvature of Space</li> <li>The Expanding Universe: Redshift and Hubble's Law</li> <li>The Big Bang and the Cosmic Microwave Background</li> <li>The Standard Cosmological Model: Early History of the Universe</li> <li>Inflation: Explaining Flatness, Uniformity, and Structure</li> <li>Dark Matter and Dark Energy</li> <li>Large-Scale Structure of the Universe</li> <li>Gravitational Waves—LIGO</li> <li>Finally . . .</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <ul> <li><strong>Appendices</strong></li> <li>A. Mathematical Formulas</li> <li>B. Derivatives and Integrals</li> <li>C. Numerical Integration</li> <li>D. More on Dimensional Analysis</li> <li>E. Gravitational Force Due to a Spherical Mass Distribution</li> <li>F. Differential Form of Maxwell's Equations</li> <li>G. Selected Isotopes</li> </ul> </div>