1: Computer Networks and the Internet
- Introduction
- 1.1 What Is the Internet?
- 1.1.1 A Nuts-and-Bolts Description
- 1.1.2 A Services Description
- 1.1.3 What Is a Protocol?
- 1.2 The Network Edge
- 1.2.1 Access Networks
- 1.2.2 Physical Media
- 1.3 The Network Core
- 1.3.1 Packet Switching
- 1.3.2 Circuit Switching
- 1.3.3 A Network of Networks
- 1.4 Delay, Loss, and Throughput in Packet-Switched Networks
- 1.4.1 Overview of Delay in Packet-Switched Networks
- 1.4.2 Queuing Delay and Packet Loss
- 1.4.3 End-to-End Delay
- 1.4.4 Throughput in Computer Networks
- 1.5 Protocol Layers and Their Service Models
- 1.5.1 Layered Architecture
- 1.5.2 Encapsulation
- 1.6 Networks Under Attack
- 1.7 History of Computer Networking and the Internet
- 1.7.1 The Development of Packet Switching: 1961-1972
- 1.7.2 Proprietary Networks and Internetworking: 1972-1980
- 1.7.3 A Proliferation of Networks: 1980-1990
- 1.7.4 The Internet Explosion: The 1990s
- 1.7.5 The New Millennium
- 1.8 Summary
- Homework Problems and Questions
- Problems
- Wireshark Lab
- Interview: Leonard Kleinrock
2: Application Layer
- Introduction
- 2.1 Principles of Network Applications
- 2.1.1 Network Application Architectures
- 2.1.2 Processes Communicating
- 2.1.3 Transport Services Available to Applications
- 2.1.4 Transport Services Provided by the Internet
- 2.1.5 Application-Layer Protocols
- 2.1.6 Network Applications Covered in This Book
- 2.2 The Web and HTTP
- 2.2.1 Overview of HTTP
- 2.2.2 Non-Persistent and Persistent Connections
- 2.2.3 HTTP Message Format
- 2.2.4 User-Server Interaction: Cookies
- 2.2.5 Web Caching
- 2.2.6 HTTP/2
- 2.2.7 HtTP/3 and QUIC
- 2.3 Electronic Mail in the Internet
- 2.3.1 SMTP
- 2.3.2 Mail Message Formats
- 2.3.3 Mail Access Protocols
- 2.4 DNS: The Internet’s Directory Service
- 2.4.1 Services Provided by DNS
- 2.4.2 Overview of How DNS Works
- 2.4.3 DNS Records and Messages
- 2.5 Video Streaming and Content Distribution Networks
- 2.5.1 Internet Video
- 2.5.2 HTTP Streaming and DASH
- 2.5.3 Content Distribution Networks
- 2.5.4 Case Studies: Netflix and YouTube
- 2.6 Socket Programming: Creating Network Applications
- 2.6.1 Socket Programming with UDP
- 2.6.2 Socket Programming with TCP
- 2.6.3 Socket Programming with QUIC
- 2.7 Summary
- Homework Problems and Questions
- Problems
- Socket Programming Assignments
- Wireshark Labs: HTTP, DNS
- Interview: Paul Mockapetris
3: Transport Layer
- Introduction
- 3.1 Introduction and Transport-Layer Services
- 3.1.1 Relationship Between Transport and Network Layers
- 3.1.2 Overview of the Transport Layer in the Internet
- 3.2 Multiplexing and Demultiplexing
- 3.3 Connectionless Transport: UDP
- 3.3.1 UDP Segment Structure
- 3.3.2 UDP Checksum
- 3.4 Principles of Reliable Data Transfer
- 3.4.1 Building a Reliable Data Transfer Protocol
- 3.4.2 Pipelined Reliable Data Transfer Protocols
- 3.4.3 Go-Back-N (GBN)
- 3.4.4 Selective Repeat (SR)
- 3.5 Connection-Oriented Transport: TCP
- 3.5.1 The TCP Connection
- 3.5.2 TCP Segment Structure
- 3.5.3 Round-Trip Time Estimation and Timeout
- 3.5.4 Reliable Data Transfer
- 3.5.5 Flow Control
- 3.5.6 TCP Connection Management
- 3.6 Principles of Congestion Control
- 3.6.1 The Causes and the Costs of Congestion
- 3.6.2 End-to-end and Network-assisted Approaches to Congestion Control
- 3.7 TCP Congestion Control
- 3.7.1 Classic End-End TCP Congestion Control
- 3.7.2 More Recent End-End TCP Congestion Control Algorithms
- 3.7.3 Network-Assisted Explicit Congestion Notification
- 3.7.4 Fairness
- 3.8 Evolution of Transport-Layer Functionality
- 3.9 Summary
- Homework Problems and Questions
- Problems
- Programming Assignments
- Wireshark Labs: Exploring TCP, UDP
- Interview: Van Jacobson
4: The Network Layer: Data Plane
- Introduction
- 4.1 Overview of Network Layer
- 4.1.1 Forwarding and Routing: The Network Data and Control Planes
- 4.1.2 Network Service Models
- 4.2 What’s Inside a Router?
- 4.2.1 Input Port Processing and Destination-Based Forwarding
- 4.2.2 Switching
- 4.2.3 Output Port Processing
- 4.2.4 Where Does Queuing Occur?
- 4.2.5 Packet Scheduling
- 4.3 The Internet Protocol (IP): IPv4, Addressing, IPv6, and More
- 4.3.1 IPv4 Datagram Format
- 4.3.2 IPv4 Addressing
- 4.3.3 Network Address Translation (NAT)
- 4.3.4 IPv6
- 4.4 Generalized Forwarding and SDN
- 4.4.1 Match
- 4.4.2 Action
- 4.4.3 OpenFlow Examples of Match-plus-action in Action
- 4.4.4 Middleboxes
- 4.5 Architectural Principles of the Internet
- 4.6 Summary
- Homework Problems and Questions
- Problems
- Wireshark Lab: IP
- Interview: Vinton G. Cerf
5: The Network Layer: Control Plane
- Introduction
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Routing Algorithms
- 5.2.1 The Link-State (LS) Routing Algorithm
- 5.2.2 The Distance-Vector (DV) Routing Algorithm
- 5.3 Intra-AS Routing in the Internet: OSPF
- 5.4 Routing Among the ISPs: BGP
- 5.4.1 The Role of BGP
- 5.4.2 Advertising BGP Route Information
- 5.4.3 Determining the Best Routes
- 5.4.4 IP-Anycast
- 5.4.5 Routing Policy
- 5.4.6 Putting the Pieces Together: Obtaining Internet Presence
- 5.5 The SDN Control Plane
- 5.5.1 The SDN Control Plane: SDN Controller and SDN Network-Control Applications
- 5.5.2 OpenFlow Protocol
- 5.5.3 Data and Control Plane Interaction: An Example
- 5.5.4 SDN: Past and Future
- 5.6 ICMP: The Internet Control Message Protocol
- 5.7 Network Management, SNMP, and NETCONF/YANG
- 5.7.1 The Network Management Framework
- 5.7.2 The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and the Management Information Base (MIB)
- 5.7.3 The Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) and YANG
- 5.8 Summary
- Homework Problems and Questions
- Problems
- Socket Programming Assignment 5: ICMP Ping
- Programming Assignment: Routing
- Wireshark Lab: ICMP
- Interview: Jennifer Rexford
6: The Link Layer and LANs
- Introduction
- 6.1 Introduction to the Link Layer
- 6.1.1 The Services Provided by the Link Layer
- 6.1.2 Where Is the Link Layer Implemented?
- 6.2 Error-Detection and -Correction Techniques
- 6.2.1 Parity Checks
- 6.2.2 Checksumming Methods
- 6.2.3 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
- 6.3 Multiple Access Links and Protocols
- 6.3.1 Channel Partitioning Protocols
- 6.3.2 Random Access Protocols
- 6.3.3 Taking-Turns Protocols
- 6.3.4 DOCSIS: The Link-Layer Protocol for Cable Internet Access
- 6.4 Switched Local Area Networks
- 6.4.1 Link-Layer Addressing and ARP
- 6.4.2 Ethernet
- 6.4.3 Link-Layer Switches
- 6.4.4 Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs)
- 6.5 Link Virtualization: A Network as a Link Layer
- 6.5.1 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
- 6.5.2 VXLANs: Ethernet Over IP
- 6.6 Data Center Networking
- 6.6.1 Data Center Architectures
- 6.6.2 Trends in Data Center Networking
- 6.7 Retrospective: A Day in the Life of a Web Page Request
- 6.7.1 Getting Started: DHCP, UDP, IP, and Ethernet
- 6.7.2 Still Getting Started: DNS and ARP
- 6.7.3 Still Getting Started: Intra-Domain Routing to the DNS Server
- 6.7.4 Web Client-Server Interaction: TCP and HTTP
- 6.8 Summary
- Homework Problems and Questions
- Problems
- Wireshark Labs: Ethernet and Home Networking
- Interview: Vahdat
7: Wireless and Mobile Networks
- Introduction
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 The Physical Layer in Wireless Networks
- 7.2.1 Characteristics of wireless Channel
- 7.2.2 Coding and Modulation: from bits to symbols to waveforms
- 7.3 The Wireless Access Network
- 7.3.1 Sharing the Wireless Channel
- 7.3.2 WiFi: the 802.11 Wireless LAN
- 7.3.3 The 5G Radio Access Network
- 7.3.4 Discovery: Attaching to a Wireless Network
- 7.3.5 Scheduling Transmissions over the RAN/WLAN
- 7.3.6 Energy Considerations: wake/sleep
- 7.4 The Wireless Core Network
- 7.4.1 The 5G Core and Network Functions
- 7.4.2 User-plane Function
- 7.4.3 User identity, registration, and session establishment
- 7.5 Mobility
- 7.5.1 Mobility Principles
- 7.5.2 Mobility in a WiFi Network
- 7.5.3 Mobility in a 5G Network
- 7.6 Bluetooth, Satellite and IoT Networks
- 7.6.1 Bluetooth Networks
- 7.6.2 Satellite Networks
- 7.6.3 Internet of Things (IoT) Networks
- 7.7 Summary
- Homework Problems and Questions
- Problems
- Programming Assignment: Implementing a 4G/5G RAN scheduler
- Wireshark Labs: WiFi and 4/5G
- Interview: Deborah Estrin
8: Security in Computer Networks
- Introduction
- 8.1 What Is Network Security?
- 8.2 Principles of Cryptography
- 8.2.1 Symmetric Key Cryptography
- 8.2.2 Public Key Encryption
- 8.3 Message Integrity and Digital Signatures
- 8.3.1 Cryptographic Hash Functions
- 8.3.2 Message Authentication Code
- 8.3.3 Digital Signatures
- 8.4 End-Point Authentication
- 8.5 Securing E-Mail
- 8.5.1 Secure E-Mail
- 8.5.2 PGP
- 8.6 Securing TCP and HTTP Connections: TLS
- 8.6.1 The Big Picture
- 8.6.2 A More Complete Picture: TLS 1.3
- 8.7 Network-Layer Security: IPsec and Virtual Private Networks
- 8.7.1 IPsec and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
- 8.7.2 The AH and ESP Protocols
- 8.7.3 Security Associations
- 8.7.4 The IPsec Datagram
- 8.7.5 IKE: Key Management in IPsec
- 8.8 Securing Wireless LANs and 4G/5G Cellular Networks
- 8.8.1 Authentication and Key Agreement in 802.11 Wireless LANs
- 8.8.2 Authentication and Key Agreement in 5G Cellular Networks
- 8.9 Operational Security: Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems
- 8.9.1 Firewalls
- 8.9.2 Intrusion Detection Systems
- 8.10 Summary
- Homework Problems and Questions
- Problems
- Wireshark Lab: TLS, IPsec Labs
- Interview: Cranor
