Positive Interactions and Interdependence in Plant Communities

Contents:
1 Introduction: 2 Direct mechanisms for facilitation: 2.1 Water relations: hydraulic lift.- 2.2 Water relations: canopy interception.- 2.3 Shade.- 2.4 Water relations: soil moisture.- 2.5 Nutrients.- 2.6 Wind.- 2.7 Soil oxygenation.- 2.8 Substrate.- 2.9 Disturbance.- 2.10 Population size and positive density dependence.- 2.11 Seed shadows.- 2.12 Communication.- 2.13 Conclusion.- 3 Indirect interactions: 3.1 Herbivore-mediated facilitation.- 3.2 Other herbivore-mediated positive effects.- 3.3 Reproductive feedback, pollinators, and population size.- 3.4 Dispersers.- 3.5 Mycorrhizae.- 3.6 Plant-soil microbe feedbacks.- 3.7 Positive interactions among competing plants.- 3.8 Conclusion.- 4 Interaction between competition and facilitation: 4.1 Competition, facilitation and abiotic stress.- 4.2 Spatial scales, time scales and the balance of facilitation and competition on stress gradients.- 4.3 Facilitation and stress: importance versus intensity.-4.4 Facilitation and life history stage.- 4.5 Competitive advantages provided by benefactors.- 4.6 Indirect effects and the balance of competition and facilitation.- 4.7 Pollution and shifts in facilitation and competition.- 4.8 Conclusion.- 5 Species-specific positive interactions: 5.1 Are beneficiary species non-randomly associated with potential benefactors? .-5.2 What Mechanisms cause species-specific facilitation?.- 6 Positive interactions and community organization: 6.1 Positive interactions and the expansion of niche space.- 6.2 Positive interactions and the role of diversity in community function.- 6.3 Positive interactions and spatial scale.- 6.4 Positive interactions and stability in plant.- 6.5 Facilitation and productivity.- 6.6 Positive interactions and exotic invasion.- 6.7 Facilitation and conservation.- 6.8 Facilitation and evolution in plant communities.- 6.9 Replacing the notion of individualistic communities with the 'integrated community.- 6.10 Conclusions.-
References.- Index