Dynamics of Large Herbivore Populations in Changing Environments – Towards Appropriate Models

Contributors
<p>Preface</p>
<p>1 Definitive case studies</p>
<p>Norman Owen–Smith and Jason P. Marshal</p>
<p>1.1 Red deer on Rum</p>
<p>1.2 Soay sheep on Hirta</p>
<p>1.3 Roe deer in France</p>
<p>1.4 Bighorn sheep in Alberta</p>
<p>1.5 Kudu in Kruger</p>
<p>1.6 Wildebeest in Serengeti</p>
<p>1.7 Moose on Isle Royale</p>
<p>1.8 Elk in North Yellowstone</p>
<p>1.9 Overview</p>
<p>Acknowledgments</p>
<p>References</p>
<p>2 The suite of population models</p>
<p>Norman Owen–Smith</p>
<p>2.1 Models of density dependence</p>
<p>2.2 Autoregressive time–series models</p>
<p>2.3 Age– or stage–structured models</p>
<p>2.4 Trophic interaction models</p>
<p>2.5 Physiological or metaphysiological models</p>
<p>2.6 Models accommodating spatial structure</p>
<p>2.7 Individual–based models</p>
<p>2.8 Overview</p>
<p>Acknowledgments</p>
<p>References</p>
<p>3 Climatic influences: temperate tropical contrasts</p>
<p>Norman Owen–Smith</p>
<p>3.1 Temperate environments</p>
<p>3.2 Tropical and subtropical environments</p>
<p>3.3 Effects of predation and hunting</p>
<p>3.4 Overall assessment</p>
<p>Acknowledgments</p>
<p>References</p>
<p>4 Demographic processes: lessons from long–term, individual–based studies</p>
<p>Jean–Michel Gaillard, Tim Coulson and Marco Festa–Bianchet</p>
<p>4.1 Life history of large herbivores: a brief review</p>
<p>4.2 Differential contributions of demographic parameters to population growth</p>
<p>4.3 Climatic variation, density–dependence,andindividual variability</p>
<p>4.4 Conclusions:howcanfutureanalysesof largeherbivoredemography deal with complex demographic processes?</p>
<p>Acknowledgments</p>
<p>References</p>
<p>5 Irruptive dynamics and vegetation interactions</p>
<p>John E. Gross, Iain J. Gordon and Norman Owen–Smith</p>
<p>5.1 Models of herbivore vegetation interactions</p>
<p>5.2 Examples of irruptive dynamics</p>
<p>5.3 Effects of irruptions on vegetation</p>
<p>5.4 Changing perspectives</p>
<p>5.5 Synthesis</p>
<p>5.6 Implications for conservation and management</p>
<p>Acknowledgments</p>
<p>References</p>
<p>6 How does landscape heterogeneity shape dynamics of large herbivore populations?</p>
<p>N. Thompson Hobbs and Iain J. Gordon</p>
<p>6.1 What is spatial heterogeneity?</p>
<p>6.2 How does spatial heterogeneity influence ungulate population dynamics?</p>
<p>6.3 Mechanisms explaining the influence of spatial heterogeneity on population dynamics</p>
<p>6.4 Influences from high–quality resources</p>
<p>6.5 Influences from buffer resources</p>
<p>6.6 Global change and access to heterogeneity by large herbivores</p>
<p>6.7 Conclusions: the importance of spatial context for population dynamics</p>
<p>Acknowledgments</p>
<p>References</p>
<p>7 Towards an ecology of population dynamics</p>
<p>Norman Owen–Smith</p>
<p>7.1 Phenomenological descriptors</p>
<p>7.2 Time series elaborations</p>
<p>7.3 Environmental structure</p>
<p>7.4 Population structure</p>
<p>7.5 Adaptive responses and environmental contexts</p>
<p>7.6 Summary and conclusions</p>
<p>Acknowledgments</p>
<p>References</p>
<p>Index</p>