The Nidoviruses

Viral RNA Synthesis.- The Coronavirus Replicase: Insights into a Sophisticated Enzyme Machinery.- Biochemical Aspects of Coronavirus Replication.- A Previously Unrecognized Unr Stem-Loop Structure in the Coronavirus 5’ Untranslated Region Plays a Functional role in Replication.- Regulation of Coronavirus Transcription: Viral and Cellular Proteins Interacting with Transcription-Regulating Sequences.- Deubiquitinating Activity of the SARS-CoV Papain-Like Protease.- Nucleocapsid Protein Expression Facilitates Coronavirus Replication.- Non Structural Proteins 8 and 9 of Human Coronavirus 229E.- Effects of Mutagenesis of Murine Hepatitis Virus NSP1 and NSP14 on Replication in Culture.- Mutational Analysis of MHV-A59 Replicase Protein-NSP10.- The NSP2 Proteins of Mouse Hepatitis Virus and Sars Coronavirus are Dispensable for Viral Replication.- Molecular Dissection of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Virus Putative Nonstructural Protein 2.- Differential role of N-Terminal Polyprotein Processing in Coronavirus Genome Replication and Minigenome Amplification.- Identification and Characterization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Subgenomic RNAs.- Identification and Characterization of a Unique Ribosomal Frameshifting Signal in SARS-CoV ORF3A.- Adp-Ribose-1”-Phosphatase Activities of the Human Coronavirus 229E and Sars Coronavirus X Domains.- Nonstructural Proteins of Human Coronavirus NL63.- MHV-A59 Orf1a Replicase Protein NSP7-NSP10 Processing in Replication.- Stem-Loop 1 in the 5’ UTR of the Sars Coronavirus can Substitute for its Counterpart in Mouse Hepatitis Virus.- Transcriptional Regulation of RNA3 of Infectious Bronchitis Virus.- Protein Synthesis, Structure, and Processing.- Structure, Expression, and Intracellular Localization of the SARS-CoV Accessory Proteins 7a and 7b.- Sumoylation of the Nucleocapsid Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus by Interaction with UBC9.- Importance of MHV-CoV A59 Nucleocapsid Protein Cooh-Terminal Negative Charges.- Expression and Structural Analysis of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Nucleoprotein.- Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection Activates the IRE1/XBP1 Pathway of the Unfolded Protein Response.- The Nuclear Localization Signal of the Prrs Virus Nucleocapsid Protein Modulates Viral Replication in vitro and Antibody Response in vivo.- Sars Coronavirus Accessory ORFs Encode Luxury Functions.- Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against the Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-COV.- Mouse Hepatitis Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Phosphorylation.- Viral Assembly and Release.- Genetic and Molecular Biological Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions in Coronavirus Assembly.- New Insights on the Structure and Morphogenesis of Berne Virus.- Ultrastructure of SARS-CoV, FIPV, and MHV Revealed by Electron Cryomicroscopy.- Role of Mouse Hepatitis Coronavirus Envelope Protein Transmembrane Domain.- The Transmembrane Domain of the Infectious Bronchitis Virus E Protein is Required for Efficient Virus Release.- Viroporin Activity of SARS-CoV E Protein.- Efficient Transduction of Dendritic Cells Using Coronavirus-Based Vectors.- Viral Entry.- Insights from the Association of SARS-CoV S-Protein with its Receptor, ACE2.- Attachment Factor and Receptor Engagement of Sars Coronavirus and Human Coronavirus NL63.- Interactions Between Sars Coronavirus and its Receptor.- Proteolysis of Sars-Associated Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein.- Fluorescence Dequenching Assays of Coronavirus Fusion.- Porcine Arterivirus Entry in Macrophages: Heparan Sulfate – Mediated Attachment, Sialoadhesin-Mediated Internalization, and a Cell-Specific Factor Mediating Virus Disassembly and Genome Release.- Enhancement of SARS-CoV Infection by Proteases.- Increased Viral Titers and Subtle Changes in Plaque Morphology Upon Passage of SARS-CoV in Cells from Different Species.- Human Coronavirus 229E can Use CD209L (L-Sign) to Enter Cells.- Intracellular Transport of the S Proteins of Coronaviruses.- Analysis of SARS-CoV Receptor Activity of ACE2 Orthologs.- Interaction Between the Spike Protein of Human Coronavirus NL63 and its Cellular Receptor ACE2.- Human Angiotensin - Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a Receptor for Human Respiratory Coronavirus NL63.- Molecular Interactions of Group 1 Coronaviruses with Feline APN.- Pseudotyped Vesicular Stomatitis Virus for Functional Analysis of Sars Coronavirus Spike Protein.- Subcellular Localization of SARS-CoV Structural Proteins.- Spike Gene Determinants of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Host Range Expansion.- Virion-Liposome Interactions Identify a Cholesterol-Independent Coronavirus Entry Stage.- Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Enters Cells Via the Endocytic Pathway.- Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Nucleolus Using Meta-Confocal Microscopy in Cells Expressing the Coronavirus Nucleoprotein.- Dissection of the Fusion Machine of Sars-Coronavirus.- Characterization of Persistent SARS-CoV Infection in Vero E6 Cells.- Receptor-Independent Spread of a Neurotropic Murine Coronavirus MHV-JHMv in Mixed Neural Culture.- Receptor-Independent Infection of Mouse Hepatitis Virus: Analysis by Spinoculation.- SARS-CoV, But not HCoV-NL63, Utilizes Cathepsins to Infect Cells: Viral Entry.- Pathogenesis of Non-Human Coronaviruses.- Coronavirus Immunity: From T Cells to B Cells.- RAT Coronavirus Infection of Primary RAT Alveolar Epithelial Cells.- Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus Induces Cell-Cycle Perturbations.- Genes 3 and 5 of Infectious Bronchitis Virus are Accessory Protein Genes.- NKG2D Signaling and Host Defense after Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection of the Central Nervous System.- Murine Hepatitis Virus Strain 1 as a Model for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Sars).- Persistent Coronavirus Infection of Progenitor Oligodendrocytes.- CD8+ T-Cell Priming During a Central Nervous System Infection with Mouse Hepatitis Virus.- Antibody-Mediated Virus Clearance from Neurons of Rats Infected with Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus.- Developing Bioinformatic Resources for Coronaviruses.- Autoantibodies Exacerbate the Severity of MHV-Induced Encephalitis.- Analysis of the N Protein in Feline Coronavirus Strains in Italy.- Differential Induction of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Primary Mouse Astrocytes and Microglia by Coronavirus Infection.- Preferential Infection of Mature Dendritic Cells by the JHM Strain of Mouse Hepatitis Virus.- Role of the Replicase Gene of Murine Coronavirus JHM Strain in Hepatitis.- Identification of the Receptor for FGL2 and Implications for Susceptibility to Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV-3)-Induced Fulminant Hepatitis.- Pathogenesis of Arteriviruses and Toroviruses.- Equine Viral Arteritis.- Use of a PRRSV Infectious Clone to Evaluate in Vitro Quasispecies Evolution.- Gamma-Interferon Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Lactate Dehydrogenase–Elevating Virus Infection.- Replication and Expression Analysis of PRRSV Defective RNA.- Efficacy of an Inactivated PRRSV Vaccine: Induction of Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies and Partial Virological Protection upon Challenge.- Pathogenesis of Human Coronaviruses.- Sars and Other Coronaviruses in Humans and Animals.- Animal Models for Sars.- HCoV-Oc43–Induced Apoptosis of Murine Neuronal Cells.- Infection of Human Airway Epithelia by Sars Coronavirus is Associated with ACE2 Expression and Localization.- Human Coronavirus NL63 Infection is Associated with Croup.- A SARS-CoV–Specific Protein Enhances Virulence of an Attenuated Strain of Mouse Hepatitis Virus.- Genetic Evolution of Human Coronavirus OC43 in Neural Cell Culture.- Synergistic Inhibition of Sars-Coronavirus Replication by Type I and Type II IFN.- Mustela Vison ACE2 Functions as a Receptor for Sars-Coronavirus.- HCoV-229E Infects and Activates Monocytes.- Pathological and Virological Analyses of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome–Associated Coronavirus Infections in Experimantal Animals.- Identification of Ferret ACE2 and its Receptor Function for Sars-Coronavirus.- Human Coronavirus-NL63 Infection is not Associated with Acute Kawasaki Disease.- Toward the Development of an Infectious cDNA Clone of a Human Enteric Coronavirus.- HCoV-OC43–Induced Encephalitis is in Part Immune-Mediated.- Sars Cov Replication and Pathogenesis in Human Airway Airway Epithelial Cultures.- Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV: the Receptor-Binding Domain of S Protein is a Major Target of Neutralizing Antibodies.- Glia Expression of MHC During CNS Infection by Neurotropic Coronavirus.- Resurrection of an “Extinct” SARS-CoV Isolate GD03 from LATE 2003.- Vaccines, Antiviral Drugs, and Diagnostics.- Sars Coronavirus Vaccine Development.- Development of Vaccines and Passive Immunotherapy Against Sars Coronavirus Using Mouse and Scid-PBL/hu Mouse Models.- Inhibition and Escape of SARS-CoV Treated with Antisense Morpholino Oligomers.- Validation of Coronavirus E Proteins Ion Channels as Targets for Antiviral Drugs.- Identification of Essential Genes as a Strategy to Select a Sars Candidate Vaccine Using a SARS-CoV Infectious cDNA.- Structure and Dynamics of Sars Coronavirus Main Proteinase (MPRO).- Highly Attenuated Vaccinia Virus Dis as a Potential Sars Vaccine.- Renilla Luciferase as a Reporter to Assess SARS-CoV mRNA Transcription Regulation and Efficacy of ANTI-SARS-CoV Agents.- Virucidal Effect of a Newly Developed Nickel Alloy on Mouse Coronavirus.- Construction of a Full-Length cDNA Infectious Clone of a European-Like Type 1 PRRSV Isolated in the U.S..- Identification and Evaluation of Coronavirus Replicase Inhibitors Using a Replicon Cell Line.