Superfine Particle Technology

1 Fundamentals of Superfine Particles.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Properties of Superfine Particles.- 1.3 Volume Effect in Superfine Particles.- 1.4 Surface Effect in Superfine Particles.- 1.5 Interaction Between Superfine Particles.- 2 Physics of Superfine Particles.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Structure and Form.- 2.3 Properties.- 2.3.1 Magnetism.- 2.3.2 Lowering of Melting Point and Sintering Onset Temperature.- 2.3.3 Optical Properties.- 2.3.4 Active Surface.- 2.3.5 Surface and Surface Stability.- 3 Chemistry of Superfine Particles.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Adsorption.- 3.2.1 Adsorption of Non-electrolytes.- 3.2.2 Adsorption of Electrolytes.- 3.2.3 Adsorption of Macromolecules.- 3.3 Particle Dispersion.- 3.3.1 Peptization Method.- 3.3.2 Comminution Method.- 3.3.3 Agglomeration Method.- 3.4 Particle Flocculation.- 3.5 Rheology.- 3.5.1 Viscosity in Model Disperse Systems.- 3.5.2 Viscosity in a Kaolin Disperse System.- 3.5.3 Effect of the Electrical Double Layer on Viscosity.- 3.5.4 Relationship Between Viscosity and Shearing Stress in a Ceramic Disperse System.- 3.5.5 Viscosity of Magnetic Fluids.- 3.6 Gels.- 3.6.1 Producing Gels.- 3.6.2 Drying Gels.- 3.6.3 Firing Gels.- 4 Physical Manufacturing Processes.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Milling Method.- 4.3 Build-up Method.- 4.3.1 Outline.- 4.3.2 Gas Evaporation Method.- 4.3.3 Active Hydrogen-Molten Metal Reaction Method.- 4.3.4 Sputtering Method.- 4.3.5 Method of Vacuum Evaporation to Running Oil Surface (VEROS).- 4.3.6 Method of Evaporation Using Direct Electrical Current Heating.- 4.3.7 Hybrid Plasma Method.- 4.4 Outlook for Further Technological Developments in the Production of Superfine Particles.- 4.5 Handling of Superfine Particles.- 5 Chemical Manufacturing Processes.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Precipitation.- 5.2.1 Coprecipitation.- 5.2.2 Compound Precipitation.- 5.3 Hydrolysis.- 5.3.1 Hydrolysis of Inorganic Salts.- 5.3.2 Alkoxide Hydrolysis.- 5.4 Atomization.- 5.4.1 Atomized Drying.- 5.4.2 Atomized Hydrolysis.- 5.4.3 Atomizing and Calcining.- 5.5 Oxidation-Reduction Method.- 5.5.1 Oxidation in Liquid Phase.- 5.5.2 Hydrothermal Oxidation.- 5.6 Freeze Drying.- 5.7 Laser Synthesis.- 5.8 Spark Discharge.- 6 Applications of Superfine Particles.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Use of Superfine Particles in Electronic Materials.- 6.2.1 Thick Film Materials.- 6.2.2 Mounting Materials.- 6.3 Use of Superfine Particles in Magnetic Materials.- 6.3.1 Magnetic Recording Media.- 6.3.2 Magnetic Fluids.- 6.4 Use of Superfine Particles in Optical Materials.- 6.4.1 Optical Fiber Materials.- 6.4.2 Infrared Reflection Film Materials.- 6.5 Use of Superfine Particles in High Strength, High Toughness Materials.- 6.5.1 High Strength Materials.- 6.5.2 High Toughness Materials.- 6.6 Use of Superfine Particles in Catalyst Materials.- 6.6.1 Metal Superfine Particle Homogenous Catalysts.- 6.6.2 Carrier Metal Catalysts.- 6.7 Use of Superfine Particles in Sensor Materials.- 6.7.1 Optical Sensor Materials.- 6.7.2 Infrared Sensor Materials.