Nonverbal Communication of Aggression

1 Language and Communication-II : The View from ’74.- On Language.- Aspects of Language.- References.- 2 Visual Behavior as an Aspect of Power Role Relationships.- Empirical Studies.- Discussion.- References.- 3 Direct Gaze as a Social Stimulus: The Example of Aggression.- Visual Behavior and Social Interaction.- The Complexities of the “Appeasement” Gesture.- Discussion and Speculations.- Summary.- References.- 4 Patterns of Emotions and Emotion Communication in “Hostility” and Aggression.- Affect, Communication, and Consciousness.- Patterns of Affects in Anger, Disgust, Contempt, and Hostility.- Intraindividual Emotion Communication in Hostility.- Emotion Expression, Interindividual Emotion Communication, and Aggression.- Summary.- References.- 5 Communication and Aggression in a Group of Young Chimpanzees.- Coordination as a Directly Observable Phenomenon.- Communication about Objects.- The “Group Split Threshold”.- The Unique Role of Food in Controlling Dispersion.- Communication about Objects and Its Effect on Group Splitting.- Amount and Distribution of Food as Determiners of Dispersion.- Relations among Subgroups within a Group.- Conclusions.- References.- 6 Nonverbal Expressions of Aggression and Submission in Social Groups of Primates.- References.- 7 Nonverbal Communication: The Effect of Affect on Individual and Group Behavior.- The Problem: What Does an Animal Communicate and How Can We Know?.- The Model: Social Behavior of Wolves.- The Role of Early Experience in Determining Later Behavior.- Behavioral Taxonomy: Communication.- Social Behavior and Breeding Structure.- References.- 8 Animal’s Defenses: Fighting in Predator-Prey Relations.- The Framework of the Analysis.- Relations between Predator Defense and Aggression.- References.