Higher Cortical Functions in Man

I. The Higher Mental Functions and Their Organization In The Brain.- 1. The Problem of Localization of Functions in the Cerebral Cortex.- A. Psychomorphological Concepts and Their Crisis — A Historical Survey.- B. Re-examination of the Concept of Function and of the Principles of Its Localization.- C. The Higher Mental Functions in Man.- 2. Modern Data on the Structural Organization of the Cerebral Cortex.- A. Original Conceptions.- B. Structural Organization of the Posterior Cortical Divisions.- C. Structural Organization of the Anterior Cortical Divisions.- D. Progressive Differentiation of the Cortical Regions and Fields in the Course of Phylogenesis and Ontogenesis.- E. Structural Organization and Connections of the Mediobasal Cortical Divisions.- 3. Disturbances of the Higher Mental Functions in the Presence of Local Brain Lesions.- II. Disturbances of the Higher Cortical Functions in the Presence of Local Brain Lesions.- 1. Some Functional Investigative Problems.- A. Principal Forms of Disturbance of the Higher Cortical Functions Resulting from Local Brain Lesions.- B. The Problem of the Dominant Hemisphere.- C. General Cerebral Components in Cases of Local Brain Lesions.- 2. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Temporal Region.- A. Historical Survey.- B. The Auditory Analyzer and the Structure of the Auditory Cortex.- C. Language Sounds and the Hearing of Speech.- D. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Cortical Nucleus of the Auditory Analyzer. Acoustic Agnosia and Sensory Aphasia.- E. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Middle Segments of the Temporal Region. Acoustic-Mnestic Aphasia.- F. Disturbances of Intellectual Processes with Temporal Lesions.- 3. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Occipital and Occipitoparietal Regions.- A. Historical Survey.- B. The Visual Analyzer and the Structure of the Visual Cortex.- C. Disturbed Object Perception with Lesions of the Visual Cortex and Concurrent Agnosia.- D. Disturbed Tactile Perception and Tactile Agnosia.- E. Spatial Disorientation and Constructive Apractagnosia.- F. Disturbed Logical-Grammatical Operations and Semantic Aphasia.- G. Disturbances of Arithmetical Operations and the Syndrome of Acalculia.- H. Disturbances of Intellectual Processes.- 4. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Sensorimotor Regions.- A. Historical Survey.- B. The Motor Analyzer and the Structure of the Sensorimotor Region.- C. Disturbances of the Afferent Basis of Voluntary Movement. Afferent (Kinesthetic) Apraxia.- D. Disturbances of the Kinesthetic Basis of Speech. Afferent (Kinesthetic) Motor Aphasia.- E. Disturbances of Motor Functions with Lesions of the Premotor Region.- F. Disturbances of the Kinetic Structure of Speech. Efferent (Kinetic) Motor Aphasia.- G. Frontal “Dynamic” Aphasia 212 H. Disturbances of Intellectual Processes with Lesions of the Premotor Region.- 5. Disturbances of Higher Cortical Functions with Lesions of the Frontal Region.- A. Historical Survey.- B. Structure and Functions.- C. Disturbances of Voluntary Movement and Activity.- D. Disturbances of the Regulating Function of Speech.- E. Gnostic Disturbances.- F. Mnestic Disturbances.- G. Intellectual Disturbances.- H. Principal Variants of the Frontal Syndrome.- III. Methods of investigating the Higher Cortical Functions in Local Brain Lesions (Syndrome Analysis).- 1. Objectives of Clinicopsychological Investigation of Higher Cortical Functions in the Presence of Local Brain Lesions.- 2. The Preliminary Conversation.- 3. Investigation of Motor Functions.- A. Preliminary Remarks.- B. Investigation of the Motor Functions of the Hands.- C. Investigation of Oral Praxis.- D. Investigation of the Speech Regulation of the Motor Act.- 4. Investigation of Acoustico-Motor Coordination.- A. Preliminary Remarks.- B. Investigation of the Perception and the Reproduction of Pitch Relationships.- C. Investigation of the Perception and the Reproduction of Rhythmic Structures.- 5. Investigation of the Higher Cutaneous and Kinesthetic Functions.- A. Preliminary Remarks.- B. Investigation of Tactile (Cutaneous) Sensation.- C. Investigation of Deep (Kinesthetic) Sensation.- D. Investigation of the Higher Tactile Functions and Stereognosis.- 6. Investigation of the Higher Visual Functions.- A. Preliminary Remarks.- B. Investigation of the Visual Perception of Objects and Pictures.- C. Investigation of Spatial Orientation.- D. Investigation of Intellectual Operations in Space.- 7. Investigation of Speech Functions. Receptive Speech.- A. Preliminary Remarks.- B. Investigation of Phonemic Hearing.- C. Investigation of Word Comprehension.- D. Investigation of the Understanding of Simple Sentences.- E. Investigation of the Understanding of Logical-Grammatical Structures.- 8. Investigation of Speech Functions. Expressive Speech.- A. Preliminary Remarks.- B. Investigation of the Articulation of Speech Sounds.- C. Investigation of Reflected (Repetitive) Speech.- D. Investigation of the Nominative Function of Speech.- E. Investigation of Narrative Speech.- 9. Investigation of Writing and Reading.- A. Preliminary Remarks.- B. Investigation of the Phonetic Analysis and Synthesis of Words.- C. Investigation of Writing.- D. Investigation of Reading.- 10. Investigation of Arithmetical Skill.- A. Preliminary Remarks.- B. Investigation of the Comprehension of Number Structure.- C. Investigation of Arithmetical Operations.- 11. Investigation of Mnestic Processes.- A. Preliminary Remarks.- B. Investigation of the Direct Impression of Traces.- C. Investigation of the Learning Process.- D. Investigation of Logical Memorizing.- 12. Investigation of Intellectual Processes.- A. Preliminary Remarks.- B. Investigation of the Understanding of Thematic Pictures and Texts.- C. Investigation of Concept Formation.- D. Investigation of Discursive Intellectual Activity.- Conclusion.- Russian.- Non-Russian.- Author Index.