Specific Heats at Low Temperatures

1 Elementary Concepts of Specific Heats.- 1.1. Definitions.- 1.2. Thermodynamics of Simple Systems.- 1.3. Difference Between Cp and Cv.- 1.4. Variation of Specific Heats with Temperature and Pressure.- 1.5. Statistical Calculation of Specific Heats.- 1.6. Different Modes of Thermal Energy.- 1.7. Calorimetry.- 2 Lattice Heat Capacity.- 2.1. Dulong and Petit’s Law.- 2.2. Equipartition Law.- 2.3. Quantum Theory of Specific Heats.- 2.4. Einstein’s Model.- 2.5. Debye’s Model.- 2.6. Comparison of Debye’s Theory with Experiments.- 2.7. Shortcomings of the Debye Model.- 2.8. The Born-Von Kármán Model.- 2.9. Calculation of g(v).- 2.10. Comparison of Lattice Theory with Experiments.- 2.11. Debye ? in Other Properties of Solids.- 3 Electronic Specific Heat.- 3.1. Specific Heat of Metals.- 3.2. Quantum Statistics of an Electron Gas.- 3.3. Specific Heat of Electrons in Metals.- 3.4. Electronic Specific Heat at Low Temperatures.- 3.5. Specific Heat and Band Structure of Metals.- 3.6. Specific Heat of Alloys.- 3.7. Specific Heat of Semiconductors.- 3.8. Phenomenon of Superconductivity.- 3.9. Specific Heat of Superconductors.- 3.10. Recent Studies.- 4 Magnetic Contribution to Specific Heats.- 4.1. Thermodynamics of Magnetic Materials.- 4.2. Types of Magnetic Behavior.- 4.3. Spin Waves—Magnons.- 4.4. Spin Wave Specific Heats.- 4.5. The Weiss Model for Magnetic Ordering.- 4.6. The Heisenberg and Ising Models.- 4.7. Specific Heats Near the Transition Temperature.- 4.8. Paramagnetic Relaxation.- 4.9. Schottky Effect.- 4.10. Specific Heat of Paramagnetic Salts.- 4.11. Nuclear Schottky Effects.- 5 Heat Capacity of Liquids.- 5.1. Nature of the Liquid State.- 5.2. Specific Heat of Ordinary Liquids and Liquid Mixtures.- 5.3. Liquid 4He at Low Temperatures.- 5.4. Phonon and RotonSpecific Heats.- 5.5. Transition in Liquid 4He.- 5.6. Specific Heat of Liquid 3He.- 5.7. Liquid 3He as a Fermi Liquid.- 5.8. Mixtures of 4He and 3He.- 5.9. Supercooled Liquids—Glasses.- 6 Specific Heats of Gases.- 6.1. Cp and Cv of a Gas.- 6.2. Classical Theory of Cv of Gases.- 6.3. Quantum Theory of Cv of Gases.- 6.4. Rotational Partition Function.- 6.5. Homonuclear Molecules—Isotopes of Hydrogen.- 6.6. Vibrational and Electronic Specific Heats.- 6.7. Calorimetric and Statistical Entropies—Disorder in Solid State.- 6.8. Hindered Rotation.- 6.9. Entropy of Hydrogen.- 7 Specific-Heat Anomalies.- 7.1. Spurious and Genuine Anomalies.- 7.2. Cooperative and Noncooperative Anomalies.- 7.3. Order-Disorder Transitions.- 7.4. Onset of Molecular Rotation.- 7.5. Ferroelectricity.- 7.6. Transitions in Rare-Earth Metals.- 7.7. Liquid-Gas Critical Points.- 7.8. Models of Cooperative Transitions.- 8 Miscellaneous Problems in Specific Heats.- 8.1. Specific Heat Near Phase Transitions.- 8.2. Specific Heat at Saturated Vapor Pressure.- 8.3. Relaxation of Rotational and Vibrational Specific Heats.- 8.4. Defects in Solids.- 8.5. Surface Effects.- 8.6. Compilations of Specific-Heat Data.- 8.7. Tabulations of Specific-Heat Functions.- Appendix (Six-Figure Tables of Einstein and Debye Internal-Energy and Specific-Heat Functions).- Author Index.