Optimization in Drug Discovery

<p>Small Molecule Formulation Screening Strategies in Drug Discovery.- Assessment of Drug Plasma Protein Binding in Drug Discovery.- Drug Partition in Red Blood Cells.- Permeability Assessment Using 5-Day Cultured Caco-2 Cell Monolayers.- In Situ Single Pass Perfused Rat Intestinal Model.- Metabolic Stability Assessed by Liver Microsomes and Hepatocytes.- Metabolic Assessment in Alamethicin-Activated Liver Microsomes: Co-Activating CYPs and UGTs.- Phenotyping UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) Involved in Human Drug Metabolism: An Update.- In Vitro CYP/FMO Reaction Phenotyping.- Human Pregnane X Receptor (hPXR) Activation Assay in Stable Cell Lines.- Characterization of Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) Activation.- DNA Binding (Gel Retardation Assay) Analysis for Identification of Aryl Hydrocarbon (Ah) Receptor Agonists and Antagonists.- Cell-Based Assays for Identification of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Activators.- In Vitro CYP Induction Using Human Hepatocytes.- Assessment of CYP3A4 Time-Dependent Inhibition in Plated and Suspended Human Hepatocytes.- Evaluation of Time-Dependent CYP3A4 Inhibition Using Human Hepatocytes.- Rapidly Distinguishing Reversible and Time-Dependent CYP450 Inhibition Using Human Liver Microsomes, Co-Incubation, and Continuous Fluorometric Kinetic Analyses.- Identification of Time-Dependent CYP Inhibitors Using Human Liver Microsomes (HLM).- CYP Time-Dependent Inhibition (TDI) Using an IC₅₀ Shift Assay with Stable Isotopic Labeled Substrate Probes to Facilitate Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Analyses.- Screening for P-Glycoprotein (Pgp) Substrates and Inhibitors.- In Vitro Characterization of Intestinal Transporter, Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP).- In Vitro Characterization of Intestinal and Hepatic Transporters: MRP2.- In Vitro Characterization of Hepatic Transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3.- In Vitro Characterization of Renal Transporters OAT1, OAT3, and OCT2.- General Guidelines for Setting Upan In Vitro LC/MS/MS Assay.- Metabolite Identification in Drug Discovery.- Drug, Lipid, and Acylcarnitine Profiling Using Dried Blood Spot (DBS) Technology in Drug Discovery.- In Vitro Trapping and Screening of Reactive Metabolites Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.- Quantitative Assessment of Reactive Metabolites.- In Vitro Assessment of the Reactivity of Acyl Glucuronides.- In Vitro COMET Assay for Testing Genotoxicity of Chemicals.- Assessing DNA Damage Using a Reporter Gene System.- Improved AMES Test for Genotoxicity Assessment of Drugs: Preincubation Assay Using a Low Concentration of Dimethyl Sulfoxide.- Methods for Using the Mouse Lymphoma Assay to Screen for Chemical Mutagenicity and Photo-Mutagenicity.</p>