Pierre Delhaes,
P Delhaes
Carbon Based Solids and Materials
Gebonden Engels 2010 9781848212008
Verwachte levertijd ongeveer 16 werkdagen
Samenvatting
It is well known that solid carbons can be found in various guises with different forms of bulk phases (graphites, diamonds and carbynes) as well as more molecular forms (fullerenes,nanotubes and graphenes) resulting from recent discoveries.
The cause of this rich polymorphism is analyzed in the first part of this book (chapters 1–5) with the propensity of carbon atoms for forming different types of homopolar chemical bonds associated with variable coordination numbers. Precursor organic molecules and parent compounds are also described to establish specific links with this rich polymorphism.
Then in a second part (chapters 6–10) a comparative review of the main classes of bulk physical properties is presented. This approach emphasizes in particular the electronic behavior of (pi) polyaromatic systems organized in plane and curved atomic sheets. Finally in a third part (chapters 11–15) the surface and interface characteristics are introduced together with the texture and morphology of these multiscale carbon materials. An overview of the main field of applications is related showing the large use and interest for these solids.
Specificaties
ISBN13:9781848212008
Taal:Engels
Bindwijze:gebonden
Aantal pagina's:656
Uitgever:John Wiley & Sons
Serie:ISTE
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Inhoudsopgave
<p>Introduction xiii</p>
<p>PART 1. CARBON PHASES, PRECURSORS AND PARENT COMPOUNDS 1</p>
<p>Chapter 1. A Historical Overview 3</p>
<p>1.1. The alchemy of carbon 3</p>
<p>1.2. Elemental carbon and its allotropic varieties 5</p>
<p>1.3. Novel molecular varieties 7</p>
<p>1.4. Natural forms 9</p>
<p>1.5. Contribution from quantum mechanics 14</p>
<p>1.6. Conclusion 21</p>
<p>1.7. Bibliography 21</p>
<p>Chapter 2. Polymorphism of Crystalline Phases 25</p>
<p>2.1. Thermodynamic stability and phase diagram 25</p>
<p>2.2. Classical forms of carbon 37</p>
<p>2.3. Molecular and exotic forms 43</p>
<p>2.4. State of the art and conclusion 53</p>
<p>2.5. Bibliography 54</p>
<p>Chapter 3. Non–Crystalline Carbons 61</p>
<p>3.1. Reminder about defects and imperfections in networks 62</p>
<p>3.2. Thermodynamic approach and the classification of solids 70</p>
<p>3.3. Fabrication and characterization techniques 81</p>
<p>3.4. Conclusion 92</p>
<p>3.5. Bibliography 93</p>
<p>Chapter 4. Derivative Compounds and Analogs 97</p>
<p>4.1. Doping carbons and solid solutions 98</p>
<p>4.2. 2D and 3D analog compounds 111</p>
<p>4.3. Similar materials 116</p>
<p>4.4. Conclusion 118</p>
<p>4.5. Bibliography 118</p>
<p>Chapter 5. From Aromatic Precursors to the Graphene Plane 127</p>
<p>5.1. Condensed polyaromatic systems 128</p>
<p>5.2. The graphene plane 151</p>
<p>5.3. Current situation and conclusion 160</p>
<p>5.4. Bibliography 160</p>
<p>PART 2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLID CARBONS 169</p>
<p>Chapter 6. General Structural Properties 171</p>
<p>6.1. Elastic and mechanic properties 172</p>
<p>6.2. Thermal properties 188</p>
<p>6.3. Conclusion 207</p>
<p>6.4. Bibliography 208</p>
<p>Chapter 7. Electronic Structures and Magnetic Properties 217</p>
<p>7.1. Electronic band structures 218</p>
<p>7.2. Static magnetic properties 227</p>
<p>7.3. Electron spin (or paramagnetic) resonance 240</p>
<p>7.4. NMR 252</p>
<p>7.5. Conclusion 255</p>
<p>7.6. Bibliography 256</p>
<p>Chapter 8. Electronic Transport Properties 265</p>
<p>8.1. Electrical conductivity 270</p>
<p>8.2. Galvanomagnetic properties 293</p>
<p>8.3. Thermoelectric properties 305</p>
<p>8.4. Conclusion 310</p>
<p>8.5. Bibliography 310</p>
<p>Chapter 9. Optical Properties and their Applications 321</p>
<p>9.1. Properties in linear optics 325</p>
<p>9.2. Nonlinear and photo–induced properties 344</p>
<p>9.3. Analysis methods and applications 351</p>
<p>9.4. Conclusion 358</p>
<p>9.5. Bibliography 358</p>
<p>Chapter 10. Vibrational Properties 369</p>
<p>10.1. Phonon spectra in crystalline phases 370</p>
<p>10.2. Specific characteristics of Raman scattering 383</p>
<p>10.3. Data from infrared spectroscopy 394</p>
<p>10.4. Conclusion 399</p>
<p>10.5. Bibliography 400</p>
<p>PART 3. CARBON MATERIALS AND USES 409</p>
<p>Chapter 11. Surface and Interface Phenomena 411</p>
<p>11.1. Physical–chemistry characteristics 412</p>
<p>11.2. Electric and electrochemical aspects 429</p>
<p>11.3. Solid interfaces, tribology and mechano–chemical effects 439</p>
<p>11.4. Conclusion 449</p>
<p>11.5. Bibliography 450</p>
<p>Chapter 12. Chemical Reactivity and Surface Treatment 461</p>
<p>12.1. Oxidation reactions 463</p>
<p>12.2. Hydrogenation and halogenation reactions 480</p>
<p>12.3. Surface treatment and heterogenous catalysis 486</p>
<p>12.4. Conclusion 492</p>
<p>12.5. Bibliography 492</p>
<p>Chapter 13. Divided and Porous Carbons 503</p>
<p>13.1. General presentation of heterogenous carbons 504</p>
<p>13.2. Properties of porous carbons 516</p>
<p>13.3. Competition between chemical reactions and diffusion 533</p>
<p>13.4. Conclusion 540</p>
<p>13.5. Bibliography 541</p>
<p>Chapter 14. Carbon Filaments, Composites and Heterogenous Media 553</p>
<p>14.1. Carbon filaments 554</p>
<p>14.2. Role in composite materials 563</p>
<p>14.3. Random heterogenous media 572</p>
<p>14.4. Conclusion 581</p>
<p>14.5. Bibliography 581</p>
<p>Chapter 15. Use of Carbon Materials 591</p>
<p>15.1. Sensing applications and nanoelectronics 592</p>
<p>15.2. Carbon for energy 596</p>
<p>15.3. Thermostructural composites and transport 610</p>
<p>15.4 Carbons for chemistry and environmental problems 615</p>
<p>15.5. Biocarbons 618</p>
<p>15.6. General conclusion 621</p>
<p>15.7. Bibliography 621</p>
<p>Main Signs and Symbols 631</p>
<p>List of Basic Boxes 634</p>
<p>Index 635</p>
<p>PART 1. CARBON PHASES, PRECURSORS AND PARENT COMPOUNDS 1</p>
<p>Chapter 1. A Historical Overview 3</p>
<p>1.1. The alchemy of carbon 3</p>
<p>1.2. Elemental carbon and its allotropic varieties 5</p>
<p>1.3. Novel molecular varieties 7</p>
<p>1.4. Natural forms 9</p>
<p>1.5. Contribution from quantum mechanics 14</p>
<p>1.6. Conclusion 21</p>
<p>1.7. Bibliography 21</p>
<p>Chapter 2. Polymorphism of Crystalline Phases 25</p>
<p>2.1. Thermodynamic stability and phase diagram 25</p>
<p>2.2. Classical forms of carbon 37</p>
<p>2.3. Molecular and exotic forms 43</p>
<p>2.4. State of the art and conclusion 53</p>
<p>2.5. Bibliography 54</p>
<p>Chapter 3. Non–Crystalline Carbons 61</p>
<p>3.1. Reminder about defects and imperfections in networks 62</p>
<p>3.2. Thermodynamic approach and the classification of solids 70</p>
<p>3.3. Fabrication and characterization techniques 81</p>
<p>3.4. Conclusion 92</p>
<p>3.5. Bibliography 93</p>
<p>Chapter 4. Derivative Compounds and Analogs 97</p>
<p>4.1. Doping carbons and solid solutions 98</p>
<p>4.2. 2D and 3D analog compounds 111</p>
<p>4.3. Similar materials 116</p>
<p>4.4. Conclusion 118</p>
<p>4.5. Bibliography 118</p>
<p>Chapter 5. From Aromatic Precursors to the Graphene Plane 127</p>
<p>5.1. Condensed polyaromatic systems 128</p>
<p>5.2. The graphene plane 151</p>
<p>5.3. Current situation and conclusion 160</p>
<p>5.4. Bibliography 160</p>
<p>PART 2. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLID CARBONS 169</p>
<p>Chapter 6. General Structural Properties 171</p>
<p>6.1. Elastic and mechanic properties 172</p>
<p>6.2. Thermal properties 188</p>
<p>6.3. Conclusion 207</p>
<p>6.4. Bibliography 208</p>
<p>Chapter 7. Electronic Structures and Magnetic Properties 217</p>
<p>7.1. Electronic band structures 218</p>
<p>7.2. Static magnetic properties 227</p>
<p>7.3. Electron spin (or paramagnetic) resonance 240</p>
<p>7.4. NMR 252</p>
<p>7.5. Conclusion 255</p>
<p>7.6. Bibliography 256</p>
<p>Chapter 8. Electronic Transport Properties 265</p>
<p>8.1. Electrical conductivity 270</p>
<p>8.2. Galvanomagnetic properties 293</p>
<p>8.3. Thermoelectric properties 305</p>
<p>8.4. Conclusion 310</p>
<p>8.5. Bibliography 310</p>
<p>Chapter 9. Optical Properties and their Applications 321</p>
<p>9.1. Properties in linear optics 325</p>
<p>9.2. Nonlinear and photo–induced properties 344</p>
<p>9.3. Analysis methods and applications 351</p>
<p>9.4. Conclusion 358</p>
<p>9.5. Bibliography 358</p>
<p>Chapter 10. Vibrational Properties 369</p>
<p>10.1. Phonon spectra in crystalline phases 370</p>
<p>10.2. Specific characteristics of Raman scattering 383</p>
<p>10.3. Data from infrared spectroscopy 394</p>
<p>10.4. Conclusion 399</p>
<p>10.5. Bibliography 400</p>
<p>PART 3. CARBON MATERIALS AND USES 409</p>
<p>Chapter 11. Surface and Interface Phenomena 411</p>
<p>11.1. Physical–chemistry characteristics 412</p>
<p>11.2. Electric and electrochemical aspects 429</p>
<p>11.3. Solid interfaces, tribology and mechano–chemical effects 439</p>
<p>11.4. Conclusion 449</p>
<p>11.5. Bibliography 450</p>
<p>Chapter 12. Chemical Reactivity and Surface Treatment 461</p>
<p>12.1. Oxidation reactions 463</p>
<p>12.2. Hydrogenation and halogenation reactions 480</p>
<p>12.3. Surface treatment and heterogenous catalysis 486</p>
<p>12.4. Conclusion 492</p>
<p>12.5. Bibliography 492</p>
<p>Chapter 13. Divided and Porous Carbons 503</p>
<p>13.1. General presentation of heterogenous carbons 504</p>
<p>13.2. Properties of porous carbons 516</p>
<p>13.3. Competition between chemical reactions and diffusion 533</p>
<p>13.4. Conclusion 540</p>
<p>13.5. Bibliography 541</p>
<p>Chapter 14. Carbon Filaments, Composites and Heterogenous Media 553</p>
<p>14.1. Carbon filaments 554</p>
<p>14.2. Role in composite materials 563</p>
<p>14.3. Random heterogenous media 572</p>
<p>14.4. Conclusion 581</p>
<p>14.5. Bibliography 581</p>
<p>Chapter 15. Use of Carbon Materials 591</p>
<p>15.1. Sensing applications and nanoelectronics 592</p>
<p>15.2. Carbon for energy 596</p>
<p>15.3. Thermostructural composites and transport 610</p>
<p>15.4 Carbons for chemistry and environmental problems 615</p>
<p>15.5. Biocarbons 618</p>
<p>15.6. General conclusion 621</p>
<p>15.7. Bibliography 621</p>
<p>Main Signs and Symbols 631</p>
<p>List of Basic Boxes 634</p>
<p>Index 635</p>
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