Introduction to Aerospace Materials

<p>Preface</p> <p>Chapter 1: Introduction to aerospace materials</p> <p>1.1 The importance of aerospace materials</p> <p>1.2 Understanding aerospace materials</p> <p>1.3 Introducing the main types of aerospace materials</p> <p>1.4 What makes for a good aerospace material?</p> <p>1.5 Summary</p> <p>Chapter 2: Aerospace materials: past, present and future</p> <p>2.1 Introduction</p> <p>2.2 Brief history of aerospace materials</p> <p>2.3 Materials for the global aerospace industry</p> <p>2.4 Future advances in aerospace materials</p> <p>2.5 Summary</p> <p>Chapter 3: Materials and material requirements for aerospace structures and engines</p> <p>3.1 Introduction</p> <p>3.2 Fixed-wing aircraft structures</p> <p>3.3 Helicopter structures</p> <p>3.4 Space shuttle structures</p> <p>3.5 Summary</p> <p>Chapter 4: Strengthening of metal alloys</p> <p>4.1 Introduction</p> <p>4.2 Crystal structure of metals</p> <p>4.3 Defects in crystal structures</p> <p>4.4 Strengthening of metals</p> <p>4.5 Summary</p> <p>4.6 Terminology</p> <p>Chapter 5: Mechanical and durability testing of aerospace materials</p> <p>5.1 Introduction</p> <p>5.2 Tension test</p> <p>5.3 Compression test</p> <p>5.4 Flexure test</p> <p>5.5 Hardness test</p> <p>5.6 Fracture test</p> <p>5.7 Drop-weight impact test</p> <p>5.8 Fatigue test</p> <p>5.9 Creep test</p> <p>5.10 Environmental durability testing</p> <p>5.11 Certification of aerospace materials</p> <p>5.12 Summary</p> <p>5.13 Terminology</p> <p>Chapter 6: Production and casting of aerospace metals</p> <p>6.1 Introduction</p> <p>6.2 Production of metal alloys</p> <p>6.3 Casting of metal alloys</p> <p>6.4 Casting processes</p> <p>6.5 Summary</p> <p>6.6 Terminology</p> <p>6.8 Case study: casting defects causing engine disc failure in United Airlines flight 232</p> <p>Chapter 7: Processing and machining of aerospace metals</p> <p>7.1 Introduction</p> <p>7.2 Metal-forming processes</p> <p>7.3 Hot and cold working of metal products</p> <p>7.4 Powder metallurgy for production of aerospace superalloys</p> <p>7.5 Machining of metals</p> <p>7.6 Summary</p> <p>7.7 Terminology</p> <p>Chapter 8: Aluminium alloys for aircraft structures</p> <p>8.1 Introduction</p> <p>8.2 Aluminium alloy types</p> <p>8.3 Non-age-hardenable aluminium alloys</p> <p>8.4 Age-hardenable aluminium alloys</p> <p>8.5 Speciality aluminium alloys</p> <p>8.6 Heat treatment of age-hardenable aluminium alloys</p> <p>8.7 High-temperature strength of aluminium</p> <p>8.8 Summary</p> <p>Chapter 9: Titanium alloys for aerospace structures and engines</p> <p>9.1 Introduction</p> <p>9.2 Titanium alloys: advantages and disadvantages for aerospace applications</p> <p>9.3 Types of titanium alloy</p> <p>9.4 Titanium aluminides</p> <p>9.5 Shape-memory titanium alloys</p> <p>9.6 Summary</p> <p>9.7 Terminology</p> <p>Chapter 10: Magnesium alloys for aerospace structures</p> <p>10.1 Introduction</p> <p>10.2 Metallurgy of magnesium alloys</p> <p>10.3 Summary</p> <p>Chapter 11: Steels for aircraft structures</p> <p>11.1 Introduction</p> <p>11.2 Basic principles of steel metallurgy</p> <p>11.3 Maraging steel</p> <p>11.4 Medium-carbon low-alloy steel</p> <p>11.5 Stainless steel</p> <p>11.6 Summary</p> <p>11.7 Terminology</p> <p>Chapter 12: Superalloys for gas turbine engines</p> <p>12.1 Introduction</p> <p>12.2 A simple guide to jet engine technology</p> <p>12.3 Nickel-based superalloys</p> <p>12.4 Iron–nickel superalloys</p> <p>12.5 Cobalt superalloys</p> <p>12.6 Thermal barrier coatings for jet engine alloys</p> <p>12.7 Advanced materials for jet engines</p> <p>12.8 Summary</p> <p>Chapter 13: Polymers for aerospace structures</p> <p>13.1 Introduction</p> <p>13.2 Aerospace applications of polymers</p> <p>13.3 Advantages and disadvantages of polymers for aerospace applications</p> <p>13.4 Polymerisation</p> <p>13.5 Thermosetting polymers</p> <p>13.6 Thermoplastics</p> <p>13.7 Elastomers</p> <p>13.8 Structural adhesives</p> <p>13.9 Mechanical properties of polymers</p> <p>13.10 Polymer additives</p> <p>13.11 Polymers for radar-absorbing materials (RAMs)</p> <p>13.12 Summary</p> <p>13.13 Terminology</p> <p>13.15 Case study: space shuttle Challenger accident</p> <p>Chapter 14: Manufacturing of fibre–polymer composite materials</p> <p>14.1 Introduction</p> <p>14.2 Fibre reinforcements for composites</p> <p>14.3 Production of prepregs and fabrics</p> <p>14.4 Core materials for sandwich composites</p> <p>14.5 Composites manufacturing using prepreg</p> <p>14.6 Composites manufacturing by resin infusion</p> <p>14.7 Machining of composites</p> <p>14.8 Summary</p> <p>14.9 Terminology</p> <p>14.11 Case study: carbon nanotubes in composites</p> <p>Chapter 15: Fibre–polymer composites for aerospace structures and engines</p> <p>15.1 Introduction</p> <p>15.2 Types of composite materials</p> <p>15.3 Aerospace applications of fibre–polymer composites</p> <p>15.4 Advantages and disadvantages of using fibre-polymer composites</p> <p>15.5 Mechanics of continuous-fibre composites</p> <p>15.6 Sandwich composites</p> <p>15.7 Environmental durability of composites</p> <p>15.8 Summary</p> <p>15.9 Terminology</p> <p>Chapter 16: Metal matrix, fibre–metal and ceramic matrix composites for aerospace applications</p> <p>16.1 Metal matrix composites</p> <p>16.2 Fibre–metal laminates</p> <p>16.3 Ceramic matrix composites</p> <p>16.4 Summary</p> <p>16.5 Terminology</p> <p>16.7 Case study: ceramic matrix composites in the space shuttle orbiter</p> <p>Chapter 17: Wood in small aircraft construction</p> <p>17.1 Introduction</p> <p>17.2 Advantages and disadvantages of wood</p> <p>17.3 Hardwoods and softwoods</p> <p>17.4 Structure and composition of wood</p> <p>17.5 Engineering properties of wood</p> <p>17.6 Summary</p> <p>17.7 Terminology</p> <p>17.9 Case study: Spruce Goose (Hughes H-4 Hercules)</p> <p>Chapter 18: Fracture processes of aerospace materials</p> <p>18.1 Introduction</p> <p>18.2 Fracture processes of aerospace materials</p> <p>18.3 Stress concentration effects in materials</p> <p>18.4 Fracture mechanics</p> <p>18.5 Application of fracture mechanics to aerospace materials</p> <p>18.6 Summary</p> <p>18.7 Terminology</p> <p>18.9 Case study fracture in the space shuttle Columbia disaster</p> <p>18.10 Case study: fracture of aircraft composite radome</p> <p>Chapter 19: Fracture toughness properties of aerospace materials</p> <p>19.1 Introduction</p> <p>19.2 Fracture toughness properties</p> <p>19.3 Ductile/brittle fracture transition for metals</p> <p>19.4 Improving the fracture toughness of aerospace materials</p> <p>19.5 Summary</p> <p>19.6 Terminology</p> <p>Chapter 20: Fatigue of aerospace materials</p> <p>20.1 Introduction</p> <p>20.2 Fatigue stress</p> <p>20.3 Fatigue life (S–N) curves</p> <p>20.4 Fatigue-crack growth curves</p> <p>20.5 Fatigue of metals</p> <p>20.6 Fatigue of fibre–polymer composites</p> <p>20.7 Fretting, acoustic and thermal fatigue</p> <p>20.8 Summary</p> <p>20.9 Terminology</p> <p>Chapter 21: Corrosion of aerospace metals</p> <p>21.1 Introduction</p> <p>21.2 Corrosion process</p> <p>21.3 Types of corrosion</p> <p>21.4 Corrosion protection of metals</p> <p>21.5 Summary</p> <p>21.6 Terminology</p> <p>21.8 Case study: corrosion in the Aloha Airlines flight 243</p> <p>Chapter 22: Creep of aerospace materials</p> <p>22.1 Introduction</p> <p>22.2 Creep behaviour of materials</p> <p>22.3 Creep of metals</p> <p>22.4 Creep of polymers and polymer composites</p> <p>22.5 Creep-resistant materials</p> <p>22.6 Summary</p> <p>22.7 Terminology</p> <p>Chapter 23: Nondestructive inspection and structural health monitoring of aerospace materials</p> <p>23.1 Introduction</p> <p>23.2 Nondestructive inspection methods</p> <p>23.3 Structural health monitoring (SHM)</p> <p>23.4 Summary</p> <p>23.5 Terminology</p> <p>Chapter 24: Disposal and recycling of aerospace materials</p> <p>24.1 Introduction</p> <p>24.2 Metal recycling</p> <p>24.3 Composite recycling</p> <p>24.4 Summary</p> <p>Chapter 25: Materials selection for aerospace</p> <p>25.1 Introduction</p> <p>25.2 Materials selection in design</p> <p>25.3 Stages of materials selection</p> <p>25.4 Materials property charts</p> <p>25.5 Structural properties in materials selection</p> <p>25.6 Economic and business considerations in materials selection</p> <p>25.7 Manufacturing considerations in materials selection</p> <p>25.8 Durability considerations in materials selection</p> <p>25.9 Environmental considerations in materials selection</p> <p>25.10 Specialist properties in materials selection</p> <p>25.11 Summary</p> <p>25.12 Terminology</p> <p>Index</p>