Facial Feminization Surgery

This book examines facial feminization surgery (FFS), which encompasses a myriad of procedures that are performed in order to alleviate gender dysphoria among transgender and non-binary populations. Demand for FFS has risen significantly, thus warranting greater discussion and education of such procedures among the plastic surgery community. To date, there has not been a standardized text for plastic and reconstructive surgeons and trainees to refer to when performing FFS.

Chapters address key issues, such as: 1) anatomic differences between cis-masculine and cis-feminine faces; 2) operative techniques and considerations among respective procedures performed for facial feminization (i.e. forehead reduction, hairline advancement, brow lift, rhinoplasty, lip lift, genioplasty, facial fat grafting, and chondrolaryngoplasty); 3) operating room setup, anesthesia considerations, as well the post-operative protocols for hospitalization among patients undergoing FFS; 4) process of pre-operative consultation and pre-rehabilitation, among transgender and non-binary patients; 5) interdisciplinary collaboration among primary care providers, endocrinologists, and mental health providers in preparing patients for FFS; 6) the advent and role of virtual surgical planning (VSP) within FFS; 7) the challenges of promoting access, lowering cost, and enhancing delivery of FFS care; 8) patient perspectives to touch upon the nuances of navigating FFS. 

Facial Feminization Surgery: Operative Techniques and Clinical Considerations is an essential resource for physicians, residents, fellows, medical students, patients, and caregivers who are interested in gender-affirming care and facial gender-affirming surgery.