Fetal and Hybrid Procedures in Congenital Heart Diseases

Part I-Introductory aspects in fetal procedures/Ethical aspects of fetal heart interventions.- Tools in fetal heart procedures.- Role of Multicenter Registries to Assess Outcomes of Fetal Interventions.- Role of Counseling in Fetal Congenital Heart Diseases.- Part II - Aortic valve disease/Fetal Anatomy:&nbsp; the aortic valve in the fetal aortic valve diseases.- Fetal aortic stenosis – natural history and echocardiographic evaluation.- Fetal Aortic Valvuloplasty (FAV).- Fetal aortic valvuloplasty: state of art.- Part III - Pulmonary valve disease/Fetal anatomy:&nbsp; the pulmonary valve in the fetal pulmonary valve disease.- Fetal pulmonary valvuloplasty: Natural history and echocardiographic evaluation of Critical Pulmonary stenosis/ Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum.- Indications for fetal&nbsp; pulmonary valvuloplasty.- Center experience and step-by-step approach for fetal pulmonary valvuloplasty.- Pulmonary valvuloplasty: Fetal, neonatal and follow up outcomes.- Literature on fetal therapy after pulmonary valvuloplasty.- Future perspectives on fetal pulmonary valvuloplasty.- Part IV – Procedures on the interatrial septum/The embryology of the interatrial septum.- Fetal anatomy: the inter atrial septum in the fetus with congenital heart disease.- Literature on fetal therapy on interatrial septum.- Procedures on the Atrial Septum.- Part V - Fetal procedures: Other treatments and approaches/Perspectives On Fetal Pacing.- Alternative vascular access in fetus.- Part VII - Introductory aspects in hybrid procedures/Physician’s Perspective.- Parents’ Perspective on the Hybrid Approach.- The Hybrid Catheterization Laboratory.- Part VIII - Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)/Hypoplastic left heart syndrome natural and surgical history.- The engineering perspective.- General principles of the hybrid approach in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome.- Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: The Giessen approach - history, technique and results.- Hybrid Approach:&nbsp; The Columbus way.- The Brazilian Hybrid Approach for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome.- Canadian approach to hybrid HLHS.-Prolonged Right Ventricle To Left Ventricle Support (Hybrid Or Surgical) To Delay Decision Making In Borderline Left Ventricles.- The Anatomical or Functional Borderline Left Ventricle and Strategies for Staged Rehabilitation.- Part IX - Pulmonary Arteries/Pulmonary arteries: surgical point of view.- Exit Angiography.- Role of 3-Dimensional Rotational Angiography in Imaging the Pulmonary Arteries.- Hybrid Approach to Pulmonary Artery Stenosis.- Literature and Results.- Part X - Ventricular Septal Defect/Hybrid Closure of Muscular Ventricular Septal Defects: anatomy, clinical scenarios and techniques.- Hybrid Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect Closure: Literature And Results.- Perimembranous VSD.- Part XI - Other Hybrid Procedures/Hybrid Atrial Septal Defect Closure.- Treatment of RV Outflow Tract Dysfunction:&nbsp; New Valve Technologies.- Mitral Valve Replacement with Melody Valve Prosthesis.- A Hybrid Approach to Aortic Stent Implantation.- Other hybrid treatments: tetralogy of Fallot.- Other hybrid treatments: RV-to-PA hybrid conduit.- Hybrid VSD creation or enlargement.</p>