Juvenile Angiofibroma

Part I History, Anatomy and Tumor Biology.- Historical Background.- Surgical Anatomy of the Skull Base.- Pathologic and Electron Microscopic Features.- Recent Concept of Etiology.- Part  II Clinical and Radiological Diagnosis.- Clinical Presentation.- Juvenile Angiofibroma and the Eye .- Radiological Diagnosis.- Staging Systems and  their  Use.- Part  III Management.- Pre- and Intraoperative Embolization.- Anesthesia  and  Management of Intraoperative  Bleeding.- Endoscopic Surgery.- Endoscopic Excision of Advanced  with Skull Base Involvement.- Excision  by Midfacial Degloving Approach.- Excision  by Modified Transpalatal and Maxillary Swing Approach Excision by Le Fort I Osteotomy Approach.-  Excision  by Lateral Skull Base Approach.- Combined Neurosurgical and Craniofacial Approach for  Large Intracranial Tumor.- Radiation Therapy.- Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Hormonal Therapy.- Part IV Other Issues.- Recurrence of Tumor  - Its Prevention and Management.- Extranasopharyngeal Angiofibroma.- Remaining Controversies in Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma.