Liposome Dermatics

General Considerations.- Percutaneous Absorption and Conventional Penetration Enhancers.- Lipid Flow Phenomena Between Liposomes, Lipoproteins and Cell Membranes; Applications in Drug Delivery.- Basic Principles of Liposomes for Drug Use.- Chemical Aspects.- Phospholipids as Basic Ingredients.- Liposome Dermatics: Chemical Aspects of the Skin Lipid Approach.- Ceramides for Liposomes.- Liposome Phospholipids: Toxicological and Environmental Advantages.- Physico-chemical Aspects.- Liposome Production: Historic Aspects.- Rationale for the Production and Dermal Application of Lipid Vesicles.- Liposome Production: The Ethanol Injection Technique and the Development of the First Approved Liposome Dermatic.- Liposome Production: The Sizing-Up Technology Starting from Mixed Micelles and the Scaling-Up Procedure for the Topical Glucocorticoid Betamethasone Dipropionate and Betamethasone.- Properties and Characterization of Pre-Liposome Systems.- Technological Aspects.- Changes in the Structure of the Human Stratum Corneum Induced by Liposomes.- Monitoring in vivo Skin Hydration by Liposomes Using Infrared Spectroscopy in Conjunction with Tape Stripping.- Liposome Dermatics: Assessment of Long-Term Stability.- Delivery of Liposome-Encapsulated Agents to Artificial Membranes.- Topical Delivery of Liposomally Encapsulated Ingredients Evaluated by In Vitro Diffusion Studies.- Pre-Clinical Aspects: Kinetics and Toxicology.- The Fate of Liposomes in Animal Skin.- The Fate of Liposomes for Topical Use in Skin Tissue Culture.- Liposomally Encapsulated Active Ingredients Penetrate Through the Follicle.- Biodisposition of Liposome-Encapsulated Active Ingredients Applied on the Skin.- Distribution of Liposome-Encapsulated Ingredients in Human Skin Ex Vivo.- Liposomes as Safe Carriers of Drugs and Vaccines.- Pre-Clinical Aspects: Dynamics.- Comedolytic Activity of a Liposomal Antiacne Drug in an Experimental Model.- Topical Delivery of Liposomally Encapsulated Interferon Evaluated by in Vitro Diffusion Studies and in a Cutaneous Herpes Guinea Pig Model.- Comparative Activity of a Liposomal and a Conventional Econazole Preparation for Topical Use According to a Guinea Pig Tinea Model.- Liposome-Encapsulated Enzymes for DNA Repair.- Patent and Regulatory Aspects.- General Remarks on Patent Matter.- Liposome Determatics to Come According to the Patent Literature.- Clinical Regulatory Aspects of Topical Liposomal Drugs with Special Consideration of Safety Aspects.- Clinical Aspects.- Clinical Trial Protocols for Anti-Inflammatory and other Liposome Dermatics.- Chemical Composition of Liposomes and Its Influence on the Humidity of Normal Skin.- Influence of Various Topical Liposome Preparations With and Without Active Ingredients on the Cutaneous Blood Flow.- Increased Activity and Tolerability of a Conventional Glucocorticoid in a Liposomal Form.- Influence of Liposomal Encapsulation on the Activity of a Herbal Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug.- Future Prospects.- Past, Present and Future of Liposome Cosmetics.- Liposomes in Drug Delivery: Present and Future.