Industrial Electron Accelerators and Applications

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Brief Review of Electron Accelerator Development and Application of Radiation Effect.- 1.2 Types of Radiation and Units of Measurement.- 1.3 Beams of Accelerated Charged Particles: General Concepts.- 1.4 Isotopic Sources.- 1.5 Application of Beams of Accelerated Charged Particles and Other Kinds of Radiation.- 2 Interaction of Radiation with Matter and Applications of Electron Accelerators.- 2.1 Ionizing Effect of Electrom Beam.- 2.2 Generation of Bremsstrahlung.- 2.3 Penetration of Bremsstrahlung through Matter.- 2.4 Photonuclear Reactions.- 2.5 Electric Charge in Materials under Irradiation.- 2.6 Radiation Defectoscopy.- 2.7 Activation Analysis.- 2.8 Maintenance of Non-Self-Maintained Discharge in Electroionization Laser.- 2.9 Synchrotron Radiation.- 3 Chemical Processes Occurring Under the Effect of Ionizing Radiation.- 3.1 Peculiarities of Radiochemical Processes.- 3.2 Radiation Polymerization.- 3.3 Radiation Cross-linking of Polymers.- 3.4 Radiation Destruction of Polymers.- 3.5 Combination Processes.- 3.6 Processes in Gas-Phase Matter.- 4 Irradiation of Biological Objects.- 4.1 Physicochemical Basis of Radiobiological Processes.- 4.2 Sterilization of Medical Materials.- 4.3 Preservation of Foodstuff.- 4.4 Deinsectization of Grain.- 4.5 Presowing Irradiation of Seeds.- 4.6 Inhibiting Germination of Crops in Storage.- 4.7 Radiation Selection.- 4.8 Radiation Therapy.- 4.9 Biomaterials.- 4.10 Sterilization of Sewage.- 5 Thermal Effect of Intense Beams on Matter.- 5.1 Interaction of Intense Electron Flux with Metal.- 5.2 Technological Processes of Heat Treatment of Metals by Intense Electron Beams.- 5.3 Treatment of Dielectrics by Accelerated Electrons.- 5.4 Propagation of Intense Electron Fluxes in Gas.- 5.5 Comparison of Accelerated Electron Beam and Laser Radiation.- 5.6 Conclusion.- 6 Direct-Action Accelerators.- 6.1 Acceleration of Particles in Potential Electric Field.- 6.2 Methods for Generating High Voltages.- 6.3 Electrostatic Generators.- 6.4 Single-Phase, High-Voltage Transformers.- 6.5 Direct-Voltage Generators Based on Single-Phase Transformers.- 6.6 Direct-Voltage, Capacitance-Coupled Cascade Generators.- 6.7 Direct-Voltage Generators Based on Three-Phase Transformers.- 6.8 Pulsed Voltage Generators.- 6.9 Components of High-Voltage Generators.- 6.10 Accelerating Devices.- 7 Induction and Resonance Electron Accelerators.- 7.1 Acceleration of Electrons in Vortex Electric Fields.- 7.2 Construction and Power Supply Circuits of Induction Electron Accelerators.- 7.3 Resonance Acceleration of Electrons.- 7.4 Electric Circuits and Construction of Resonance Electron Accelerators.- 8 Components of Radiation Installations.- 8.1 Devices for Extraction of Accelerated Electrons from Vacuum.- 8.2 Targets for Generating Bremsstrahlung.- 8.3 Radiation Zones and Radiation Shieldings.- 8.4 Measurement of Beam Parameters and Radiation Dose.- 9 Typical Radiation Facilities Based on Electron Accelerators.- 9.1 Industrial Installations for Electron-Beam Cross-linking of Polyethylene.- 9.2 Installations for Electron Beam Curing.- 9.3 Installations for Radiation Treatment of Fabrics.- 9.4 Installations for Sterilization and Deinsectization.- 9.5 Installations for Flaw Inspection.- 9.6 Radiotherapy Installations.- 9.7 Miscellaneous Radiation Installations.- 9.8 Prospects of Using the Relativistic Electron Beams in New Fields of Application.- Appendixes. Parameters of Electron Accelerators Used for Applied Purposes.- References.