Concise Cardiology

1 Importance of cardiovascular diseases for morbidity and mortality.- 2 History taking and physical examination.- 2.1 History.- 2.2 Physical examination.- 3 Cardiovascular testing (except exercise testing, see 4.2.2).- 3.1 Electrocardiography.- 3.2 Phonocardiography, pulse-wave recordings.- 3.3 Echocardiography.- 3.4 Indicator dye dilution method.- 3.5 Radiologic examination of the thorax.- 3.6 Determination of the heart volume.- 3.7 Nuclear imaging techniques (see also 4.2.3).- 3.8 Computed tomography, positron emission tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance.- 3.9 Cardiac catheterization.- 3.10 Cardiovascular measurements.- 4 Atherosclerosis.- 4.1 Coronary heart disease.- 4.2 Diagnosis.- 4.3 Clinical course of angina pectoris.- 4.4 Differential diagnosis of angina pectoris, cardiac and non-cardiac chest pain.- 4.5 Therapy of angina pectoris.- 4.6 Myocardial infarction.- 5 Inflammatory cardiac disorders.- 5.1 Endocarditis.- 5.2 Myocarditis, pericarditis.- 6 Aortic disorders.- 6.1 Inflammatory diseases of the aorta, luetic, and Takayasu’s aortitis.- 6.2 Aortic aneurysms.- 7 Cardiac valvular disorders.- 7.1 Importance, classification, and etiology.- 7.2 Mitral stenosis.- 7.3 Mitralinsufficiency.- 7.4 Aortic stenosis.- 7.5 Aortic insufficiency.- 7.6 Pulmonary valve disorders.- 7.7 Tricuspid stenosis.- 7.8 Tricuspid insufficiency.- 8 Congenital anomalies of the heart and great vessels.- 8.1 Atrial septal defect.- 8.2 Ventricular septal defect.- 8.3 Coarctation of the aorta.- 8.4 Patent ductus arteriosus.- 8.5 Fallot’s tetralogy.- 8.6 Transposition of the great arteries.- 8.7 Ebstein’s anomaly.- 9 Myocardial diseases (except myocarditis, see 5.2).- 9.1 Terminology, etiology, classification.- 9.2 Dilated cardiomyopathy.- 9.3 Hypertrophic form of myocardial disease —Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.- 9.4 Restrictive cardiomyopathies.- 10 Systemic and pulmonary hypertension.- 10.1 Systemic hypertension.- 10.2 Pulmonary hypertension.- 11 Disorders of circulatory regulation.- 11.1 Hyperkinetic and hypertensive regulatory disorders.- 11.2 Hypodynamic and hypotonic circulatory disorders, hypotension.- 11.3 Hyperventilation, pseudo dyspnoe.- 12 Cardiac arrhythmias.- 12.1 Classification.- 12.2 Diagnostic procedures.- 12.3 Ventricular extrasystoles, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation.- 12.4 Supraventricular extrasystoles, atrial fibrillation and flutter, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.- 12.5 Bradyarrhythmias.- 12.6 Intraventricular conduction disorders.- 12.7 WPW, LGL, and long QT syndromes.- 13 Cardiac failure.- 13.1 Definition, classification.- 13.2 Clinical manifestations.- 13.3 Therapy.- 14 Cardiovascular disorders and sports.- 14.1 Relation between structure and function of the heart, adaptation to increased exercise.- 14.2 Measurement of physical exercise capacity, exercise methods, and measurement targets.- 14.3 Risk of sport.- 14.4 Sports for the healthy.- 14.5 Physical rehabilitation therapy, sport and atherosclerosis, sport in modern society.- References for further reading.