Insect Development

1 Reactions and Processes Controlling the Seasonal Development of Insects.- 1.1 Annual Cycles of Insects and the Underlying Seasonal Phenomena.- 1.2 Photoperiodic Reactions and Their Types.- 1.3 Temperature Reactions and Their Types.- 1.4 Qualitative and Quantitative Photoperiodic and Temperature Reactions.- 1.5 Temporal and Developmental Characteristics of Photoperiodic and Temperature Induction.- 1.6 Reactions to Constant Photoperiodic and Temperature Conditions.- 1.6.1 The Photoperiodic Reaction Curve.- 1.6.2 Diversity of Photoperiodic Curves and Their Transformations Due to Interaction of Photoperiodic and Temperature Reactions.- 1.6.3 Other Factors Affecting Photoperiodic Reactions.- 1.6.4 Photoperiodic and Temperature Reactions During Diapause.- 1.7 Stepwise Reactions.- 1.7.1 Examples and Definition.- 1.7.2 Types of Stepwise Photoperiodic Reactions and Their Diversity.- 1.7.3 Occurence of Stepwise Photoperiodic Reactions.- 1.7.4 Stepwise Temperature Reaction.- 1.8 Inherited Variability of Photoperiodic and Temperature Reactions.- 1.9 Spontaneous Processes Controlling Insect Development.- 1.9.1 Spontaneous Processes During Diapause.- 1.9.2 Cold Reactivation as an Example of Combination of Inductive and Spontaneous Processes.- 1.10 Inductive and Spontaneous Processes in Successive Generations.- 1.10.1 Reactions with Maternal Effects.- 1.10.2 Maternal Influence on Reaction Norms as Basis for Long-Lasting Processes over Several Generations.- 1.11 Ecological Role of Photoperiodic and Temperature Control.- 1.11.1 Some Elements of the Analysis of Natural Seasonal Development.- 1.11.2 Some Problems in Investigating the Ecology of Photoperiodic and Temperature Control.- 2 General Features of the Mechanism of Photoperiodic and Temperature Control of Development.- 2.1 Quantitative Perception of Photoperiod.- 2.1.1 Possible Principles of Daylength Evaluation.- 2.1.2 Examples of Quantitative Evaluation of Daylength in Threshold-Type Reactions.- 2.1.3 Threshold Region of a Photoperiodic Curve.- 2.1.4 Peculiarities of Quantitative Daylength Perception.- 2.1.4.1 Chilocorus bipustulatus.- 2.1.4.2 Acronycta rumicis.- 2.1.4.3 Megoura viciae.- 2.1.4.4 General Features of Quantitative Daylength Perception.- 2.1.5 Quantitative Peculiarities of Summation on Photoperiodic Signals.- 2.1.6 Outcome of Quantitative Daylength Perception.- 2.2 Elementary Reactions and Dual Photoperiodic and Temperature Control.- 2.2.1 Elementary Photoperiodic and Temperature Reactions.- 2.2.2 Elementary Reactions to Diel Temperature Rhythms.- 2.2.3 Universality of the Principle of Dual Photoperiodic and Temperature Control.- 2.2.3.1 Role of the Dual Control Mechanism in Photoperiodic Reactions of Different Types.- 2.2.3.2 Prevalence of the Physiological Mechanism Including Two Elementary Reactions.- 2.2.3.3 Presence of the Two Elementary Reactions as the Principle of Photoperiodic and Temperature Control Accomplishment.- 2.3 Interrelations of Inductive and Spontaneous Processes.- 2.3.1 Two Aspects of the Phenomenon of Diapause.- 2.3.2 Alterations of Reaction Norms Throughout Diapause. Complementarity of Spontaneous and Inductive Processes.- 3 Modeling the Physiological Mechanism Accomplishing Temperature and Photoperiodic Reactions.- 3.1 Basis of the Model.- 3.1.1 The Two Objects of Modeling.- 3.1.2 Possible Principles of Perceptive Link Functioning and an Approach to its Modeling.- 3.1.3 Model of the Commanding Link.- 3.1.3.1 Components of the Model.- 3.1.3.2 Properties and Interconnections of the Components of the Model.- 3.1.3.3 Possible Cases of Interrelations Between the Perceptive and Commanding Links.- 3.1.3.4 Schemes Used to Depict the Model’s Structure and to Analyze its Functioning.- 3.2 Applications of the Commanding Link Model.- 3.2.1 Elementary Reactions.- 3.2.1.1 Elementary Reactions of the Threshold and Gradual Types.- 3.2.1.2 Elementary Reactions of the Qualitative and Quantitative Types.- 3.2.1.3 Elementary Reactions of Long- and Short-Day, Hot and Cold Types.- 3.2.2 Systemic Reactions.- 3.2.3 Diversity of Photoperiodic Curves.- 3.2.4 Interactions of Photoperiodic and Temperature Reactions.- 3.2.4.1 Effect of Temperature upon separate Elements of Photoperiodic Curves.- 3.2.4.2 Successive Changes of Different Types of Dependence on Daylength and Temperature.- 3.2.5 Kinetics of Interaction of Elementary Reactions.- 3.2.5.1 Types of Kinetics and General Explanation of Stepwise Reactions.- 3.2.5.2 Kinetic of the Main Types of Photoperiodic Reactions and Spontaneous Processes.- 3.2.6 Unity and Diversity of Inductive and Spontaneous Processes Controlling Seasonal Development of Insects.- References.- Taxonomic Index.