Nasal Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nasal Disorders

Why the nasal passage, and  why do we have a nasal septum.- Functional Defense Mechanisms of the Nasal Respiratory Epithelium.- Cilia, ciliary movements, mucociliary transport .- T cells.- Mucus composition, goblet cells, glands.- Nasal Mucosal immunology, Secretory proteins Ig A, G etc B cell.- Toll like receptor, innate immunity.- Mast Cell.- Tight junctions.- Macrophage (Monocyte).- Intracelular signaling pathway molecular aspect.- NO.- Eosinophil.- Neutrophil.- Nasal Reflexes,  Trigeminal pain.- Sneezing, Why and how does the nose.- Air conditioning of the Nose.- Olfaction.- Function of the turbinates(nasal cycle).- Nasal Valve.- Nose and Sleep Disordered Breathing.- Air flow(distribution)  in the nose.- Clinical evaluation of the nasal function (Rhinomanometry,Acoustic Rhinometry, Rhinoresistometry, Testing of transport, Measurement of ciliary activity, Measurement of nasal defensive proteins, Assessment of olfactory function, Nanomedicine and the Nose, Electron microscopy and thenose, Genetic evaluation and nasal function).- Physiology and functional behaviour of the nasal cartilages.- Physiology of the Growing Nose.-  Physiologic concerns during Rhinoplasty.- Physiology of the aging nose.- The dry nose.- Systemic effects of nasal obstruction, nose  pulmonary interdependences.- Influence of hormones on the nose.- Physiologic effects of mouth breathing compared to nasal breathing.- Current trends and  future directions in nasal physiologic research.​