Minimally Invasive Spinal Deformity Surgery

Deformity Surgery Principles: The epidemiology of adult spinal deformity and the aging population.- Classification scheme for scoliosis.- Indications for surgery.- Sagittal balance.- Lumbopelvic parameters.- Importance of the fractional curve.- Importance of the fractional curve.- Radiation safety.- Impact of MIS surgery on costs.- Percutaneous Segmental Fixation:  Fluoroscopic techniques.- Image guidance.- Nuances of thoracolumbar screw placement.- Rod contouring, passage, and connection.- Percutaneous pelvic screw fixation.- Managing osteoporotic bone.- Use of cement in MIS deformity surgery.- Posterior Approaches: Interbody cage options.- Multi-level TLIF for spinal deformity.- Expandable cages for thoracic spinal deformity.- Expandable cages for lumbar spinal deformity.- Lumbar endoscopic fusion.- Osteotomy techniques.- Lateral Approaches: Thoracoscopic approaches.- Role of neuromonitoring.- Single incision approach to the lumbar spine.- Dual incision approach to the lumbar spine.- Which side to approach from?- Stand-alone lateral surgery for deformity.- Thoracic interbody surgery.-Complications of the lateral approach.- Dealing with the Lumbo-Pelvic Junction: Mini-open ALIF for fusing the lumbosacral junction.- Trans-sacral interbody fusion as an adjunct to anchoring constructs at the lumbosacral junction.- Minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion.- Achieving Intersegmental Arthodesis: Bone graft extenders.-Minimally invasive Wiltse approach posterolateral fusion.- Facet joint fusion.- Future Directions.