Conditional Freedom

Acknowledgments

List of Maps, Figures, and Tables

Abbreviations

Introduction

 1 Free Soil and Spaces of Freedom in the Age of the Second Slavery

 2 Historiographies and Insights

 3 Sources and Outline

Part 1: Fleeing Slavery

1 Experiencing Slavery, Imagining Freedom

 1 Introduction

 2 “A Spirit of Great Insubordination”: Mexico as Imagined Land of Freedom for African Americans

 3 Relatives and Loved Ones

 4 “Por maltrato”: The Second Slavery’s Violence and Serial Runaways

 5 “Más mal que lo corriente”: Paternalism, (Broken) Compromises and Conflicts

 6 The Intersection of Gender, Age and Qualifications

 7 Conclusion

2 Geography, Mobility and Networks: Escaping through the US-Mexico Borderlands

 1 Introduction

 2 Easing Mobility: Spatial and Material Strategies

 3 Abolitionists, Smugglers and Scapegoats

 4 Cracking Down on Mobility: Legal and Extra-Legal Violence in the Borderlands

 5 Conclusion

Part 2: Crafting Freedom

3 Self-Liberated Slaves and Asylum in Northeastern Mexico, 1803–1836

 1 Introduction

 2 Slave Refugees in Late Colonial New Spain (1803–1821)

 3 Self-Liberated Slaves in Early Independent Mexico (1821–1836)

 4 Conclusion

4 “Mexico Was Free! No Slave Clanked His Chains under Its Government”: Contests over Mexico’s Free Soil, 1836–1861

 1 Introduction: The Texas Revolution and the Political Landscape of Slavery and Freedom

 2 The Disputed Making of Mexico’s Free Soil after 1836

 3 US Refugees from Slavery and Their Contested Settlement in Mexico

 4 Free Soil and Escaped Slaves in-between Conflicting States and Allegiances

 5 Conclusion

Conclusion: “Mexico Will Assuredly Be Overrun by the Slaves from the Southern States”: The Making of Free Soil, The Unmaking of the Second Slavery

 1 The Making of Free Soil

 2 The Unmaking of the Second Slavery

Appendix 1: The Process of Abolition of Slavery in Early Independent Mexico following the Federalist Constitution of 1824

Appendix 2: José Joaquín Ugarte to Señor Brigadier Marqués de Casa Calvo [Sebastián Calvo de la Puerta y O’Farrill], Nacogdoches, 11 September 1804

Glossary of Spanish Terms

Bibliography

Index