Biological Invasions Belowground: Earthworms as Invasive Species

Biological invasions belowground—earthworms as invasive species.- Dispersal and clonal diversity of North-European parthenogenetic earthworms.- Lumbricid earthworm invasion in the Carpathian Mountains and some other sites in Romania.- Invasion patterns of Lumbricidae into the previously earthworm-free areas of northeastern Europe and the western Great Lakes region of North America.- Earthworm invasion into previously earthworm-free temperate and boreal forests.- Earthworm invasions in the tropics.- Earthworm invasions of ecosystems devoid of earthworms: effects on soil microbes.- The influence of invasive earthworms on indigenous fauna in ecosystems previously uninhabited by earthworms.- Invasion of exotic earthworms into ecosystems inhabited by native earthworms.- Introduced earthworms in agricultural and reclaimed land: their ecology and influences on soil properties, plant production and other soil biota.- Policy and management responses to earthworm invasions in North America.