CMOS SRAM Circuit Design and Parametric Test in Nano-Scaled Technologies

Foreword. Preface. Acronyms. 1. INTRODUCTION AND MOTIVATION. 1.1 Motivation. 1.2 SRAM in the Computer Memory Hierarchy. 1.3 Technology Scaling and SRAM Design and Test. 1.4 SRAM test economics. 1.5 SRAM Design and Test Tradeoffs. 1.6 Redundancy. 2. SRAM CIRCUIT DESIGN AND OPERATION. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 SRAM block structure. 2.3 SRAM cell design. 2.4 Cell layout considerations. 2.5 Sense Amplifier and Bit Line Precharge-Equalization. 2.6 Write Driver. 2.7 Row Address Decoder and Column MUX. 2.8 Address Transition Detector. 2.9 Timing Control Schemes. 2.10 Summary. 3. SRAM CELL STABILITY: DEFINITION, MODELING AND TESTING. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Static noise margin of SRAM cells. 3.3 SNM Definitions. 3.4 Analytical expressions for SNM calculations. 3.5 SRAM cell stability sensitivity factors. 3.6 SRAM cell stability fault model. 3.7 SRAM Cell Stability Detection Concept. 3.8 March tests and stability fault detection in SRAMs. 3.9 Summary. 4. TRADITIONAL SRAM FAULT MODELS AND TEST PRACTICES. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Traditional fault models. 4.3 Traditional SRAM test practices. 4.4 Summary. 5. TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTION OF SRAM CELLS WITH STABILITY FAULTS. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Classification of SRAM cell stability test techniques. 5.3 Passive SRAM Cell Stability Test Techniques. 5.4 Active SRAM Cell Stability Test Techniques. 5.5 Summary. 6. SOFT ERROR IN SRAMs: SOURCES, MECHANISM AND MITIGATION TECHNIQUES. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Soft Error Mechanism. 6.3 Sources of Soft Errors. 6.4 Soft Errors and Defects in the Pull-Up Path of a Cell. 6.5 Soft Error Mitigation Techniques. 6.6 Leakage-Reduction Techniques and the SER. 6.7 Summary. References. Index.