Cancer Treatment Research

1: New Approaches to the Diagnosis and Classification of the Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas.- Lymphomas Originating from B Lymphocytes.- Localization of T Cells in Nodular Lymphomas Nodes.- Spleen.- Internodular Areas.- Well Differentiated Lymphomas.- Intermediate Differentiation.- Histologic Features.- Histochemical Features.- Burkitt’s Lymphomas.- Lymphomas of T-Cell Origin.- Lymphoblastic Lymphomas.- Large Cell Lymphomas.- Surface Markers.- Tumor Overgrowth or Recurrence.- T-Cell Markers.- Histiocytic Origin.- “Null” Cells.- Summary.- 2: Staging and Treatment of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas.- Staging of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas.- Clinical Manifestations.- Staging Procedures.- Blood Tests.- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Studies.- Scans.- Other Tests.- Pathologic Examinations.- Final Impact of Staging.- Treatment of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas.- General.- Surgery.- Radiotherapy.- Adjuvant Chemotherapy.- Total Body Irradiation.- Chemotherapy.- Re-staging.- Maintenance.- Conclusions and Recommendations.- Stage I &II Any Histology.- Stage IE Any Histology.- Stage III or IV DPDL, DM, DHL, NH.- Stage III or IV DWDL; NPDL, NM.- 3: Current Issues in the Management of Patients with Hodgkin’s Disease.- Combined Modality Approach to Hodgkin’s Disease.- Primarily Confined to Lymph Nodes.- Complications of Treatment.- Endocrine Complications.- Cardiovascular Complications.- Pulmonary Complications.- Reproductive Dysfunction.- Combination Chemotherapy Sequelae.- Thoughts for the Future.- 4: The Role of Radiation Therapy in the Management of Cancer of the Head and Neck.- Therapeutic Alternatives According to Site.- Oral Cavity.- Paranasal Sinuses.- Nasopharynx.- Oropharynx.- Hypopharynx.- Glottis.- Salivary Glands.- Other General Approaches.- Equipment for Radiotherapy.- Factors Determining Response to Radiotherapy.- Anoxia.- Size and Origin of Tumors.- Local Failure of Treatment.- Combined Modality Treatment.- General Considerations.- Radiotherapy and Surgery.- Radiation and Chemotherapy.- Summary.- 5: Systemic Chemotherapy in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer.- Single Agent Chemotherapy.- Methotrexate.- Bleomycin.- Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II.- Other Drugs.- Combination Chemotherapy.- Other Areas of Investigation.- Immunotherapy.- Intraarterial (IA) Chemotherapy.- Combined Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy.- Conclusion.- 6: Carcinoma of the Thyroid.- Epidemiology.- Pathology.- Papillary-Follicular.- Anaplastic.- Medullary.- Metastases to Thyroid.- Prognostic Factors.- Pathogenesis.- Chronic Stimulation.- Irradiation.- Treatment of Well Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas.- Treatment Alternatives.- Surgery versus Surgery + RAI.- Cytotoxic Drug Therapy.- Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid.- Sipple’s Syndrome.- Hormone Abnormalities in Medullary Carcinoma.- Patterns of Presentation.- Therapy of Medullary Carcinoma.- Screening for Medullary Carcinoma.- Summary.- 7: Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Abdominal Malignancy.- Clinical Applications.- Liver and Biliary Tree.- Pancreas.- Adrenal Glands.- Kidneys.- Abdominal Lymphadenopathy.- Other Abdominal Tumors.- Summary.- 8: Management of Gastric and Pancreatic Cancer.- Gastric Carcinoma.- Prognostic Determinants.- Therapy for Locally Advanced Disease.- Radiation Therapy.- Chemotherapy.- Chemotherapy of Disseminated Disease.- General.- 5-Fluorouracil.- Mitomycin-C.- Nitrosoureas.- Anthracyclines.- Other Agents.- Combination Chemotherapy.- BCNU + 5-FU.- Methyl-CCNU + 5-FU.- 5-FU, Mitomycin-C and Cytosine Arabinoside.- 5-FU, Adriamycin and Mitomycin-C (FAM).- Future Directions for Gastric Cancer.- Cancer of the Pancreas.- Locally Advanced Carcinoma of the Pancreas.- Interstitial Irradiation.- External Beam Irradiation.- Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy.- Other Radiation Therapy Approaches.- Therapy of Advanced Pancreatic Cancer.- General.- Single Agent Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer.- Combination Chemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer.- Conclusion.- 9: Chemotherapeutic Management of Bladder Cancer.- Indications for Chemotherapy.- Chemotherapy for Advanced Disease.- Adjuvant Chemotherapy.- Adriamycin.- Cis-platinum diammine dichloride.- Cyclophosphamide.- 5-Fluorouracil.- Other Agents.- Combination Chemotherapy for Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder.- Conclusions and Prospectus.- 10: Mammography.- Historical Perspective.- Radiation Dosage.- Technique and Dose.- Dose and Complications.- Indications for Mammography.- Indications for Initial Mammography.- Indications for Serial Studies.- Mammography for Screening.- Mammographic Features of Breast Cancer.- Mass.- Calcifications.- Duct Patterns.- Differential Diagnosis of Breast Cancer on Mammography.- Cysts.- Fibroadenoma.- Sclerosing Adenosis.- Breast Abscess.- Fat Necrosis.- Metastatic Disease to the Breast.- Biopsy Scars.- Mammographic Needle Localization.- Specimen Radiography.- Summary.- 11: Breast Parenchymal Patterns on Mammography and Their Relationship to Carcinoma.- Classification.- Correlation of Classification and Cancer.- Prevalent Versus Incident Carcinomas.- Distinction.- Correlation of Risk Factors and Incident Carcinoma.- Correlation of Parenchymal Patterns with Histopathology.- Conclusions.- 12: Initial Management of Carcinoma of the Breast with Radiation Therapy Instead of Mastectomy.- Radiologic Basis for Therapy.- Principles of Primary Radiation Therapy.- Results of Primary Radiotherapy.- Complications of Radiotherapy.- Relationship of Primary Radiation to Adjuvant Chemotherapy.- Conclusions.- 13: The Surgical Treatment of Primary Breast Cancer.- The Radical Mastectomy.- Historical Perspective.- Current Perspective.- Treatment of Axillary Nodes.- Predictive Value of Axillary Lymph Nodes.- Lesser Surgical Procedures.- Rationale.- Results of Prior Trials.- Multicentric Breast Cancer.- Anatomical Multicentricity.- Clinical Multicentricity.- Investigative Surgical Approach.- Adjuvant Chemotherapy.- Conclusion.- 14: Clinical Applications of Cell Kinetics to Chemotherapy of Human Malignancy.- Cell Kinetics and Prognosis.- Chemotherapeutic Perturbation of Cell Population Kinetics.- Scheduling for Normal and Tumor Cell Response.- Summary.- 15: Adjuvant Therapy in Childhood Neoplasms — An Overview.- Wilms’ Tumor.- Early Studies.- National Wilms’ Tumor Study Group.- NWTS-1.- NWTS-2.- Rhabdomyosarcoma.- Background.- Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study.- Planning for Special Sites.- Osteosarcoma.- Background.- Adjuvant Chemotherapy.- 16: An Overview of Adjuvant Therapy in Man.- The Management of Systemic Cancer.- Early Treatment vs Late Treatment.- How to Differentiate Systemic from Local Cancer.- Which Modality of Cancer Treatment is the “Adjuvant”?.- The Requirements for Inclusion of Chemotherapy in the.- Multimodal Management of Malignancy.- Adjuvant Therapy Lessons from the Treatment of Acute Leukemia.- Treatment of the Patient Who Has No Evidence of Residual Disease.- Summary.- 17: An Overview of Unconventional (Fraudulent) Treatments of Cancer.- Nutrition and Cancer.- Nutritional Misinformation.- Why Are People So Vulnerable to Exploitation in the Field of Nutrition.- The “Freedom of Choice” Argument is a Consumer.- Protection Trap.- The Unscrupulous and the Misguided Physician.- The Testimonial, the Anecdote, and the Placebo Effect.- The “Terminal” Argument.- The Unconventional (Fraudulent) Treatments for Cancer.- Laetrile.- Why Do People Place Their Lives, or the Lives of Their Loved Ones on a Treatment Which is Generally Rejected as a Fraud by Almost Everyone Trained and Experienced in Cancer Research and Treatment?.- How Unconventional (Fraudulent) Treatments of Cancer are Successfully Promoted — How Laypeople are Deceived — Laetrile as an Example.- “Scientific” Claims Without Supporting Data.- Testimonials for Clinical Evidence.- Claim is Made that Cancer Causation is Due to Diet.- Claim of Non-Toxicity.- Claim for Equality of Opinion.- Claim Persecution as Scientific Pioneers.- Claim “Establishment” Prejudice and a Conspiracy.- Lack of Scientific Publication.- Claim Public Figures as Supporters.- Claims for Political Support (In Contrast to Medical Support) 267 Claims (In Terms of Pseudo-Scientific Jargon) That the Method of Treatment Can Only be Done by Themselves.- The “Big” Lie.- Who Makes, or Should Make, Scientific Policy?.- Contributing Authors.