Handbook of Philosophical Logic

suchquestionsforcenturies(unrestrictedbythecapabilitiesofanyhard­ ware). Theprinciplesgoverningtheinteractionofseveralprocesses,forexample, areabstractansimilartoprinciplesgoverningthecooperationoftwolarge organisation.Adetailedrulebasedeffectivebutrigidbureaucracyisvery muchsimilartoacomplexcomputerprogramhandlingandmanipulating data. Myguessisthattheprinciplesunderlyingoneareverymuchthe sameasthoseunderlyingtheother. Ibelievethedayisnotfarawayinthefuturewhenthecomputerscientist willwakeuponemorningwiththerealisationthatheisactuallyakindof formalphilosopher! TheprojectednumberofvolumesforthisHandbookisabout18.The subjecthasevolvedanditsareashavebecomeinterrelatedtosuchanextent thatitnolongermakessensetodedicatevolumestotopics.However,the volumesdofollowsomenaturalgroupingsofchapters. Iwouldliketothankourauthorsarereadersfortheircontributionsand theircommitmentinmakingthisHandbookasuccess. Thanksalsoto ourpublicationadministratorMrsJ.Spurrforherusualdedicationand excellenceandtoKluwerAcademicPublishersfortheircontinuingsupport fortheHandbook. DovGabbay King'sCollegeLondon x Logic II IT Natural Program Artificialin­ Logic p- language controlspec­ telligence gramming processing ification, verification, concurrency Temporal Expressive Expressive Planning. Extension of logic poweroftense power for re­ Time depen­ Horn clause operators. currentevents. dent data. with time Temporal Specification Eventcalculus. capability. indices. Sepa­ of tempo- Persistence Eventcalculus. rationofpast ral control. throughtime­ Temporallogic fromfuture Decisionprob­ the Frame programming. Problem.Tem­ lems. Model checking. poral query language. temporal transactions. Modal logic. generalised Actionlogic Beliefrevision. Negation by Multi-modal quantifiers Inferential failure and logics databases modality Algorithmic Discourse rep­ New logics. Generaltheory Proceduralap­ proof resentation. Generic theo­ of reasoning. proachtologic Direct com- remprovers Non-monotonic putation on systems linguisticinput Non­ Resolving Loopchecking. Intrinsiclogical Negation by monotonic ambigui- Non-monotonic discipline for failure.Deduc­ reasoning ties. Machine decisionsabout AI. Evolving tivedatabases translation. loops. Faults and com­ Document insystems. municating classification. databases Relevance theory Probabilistic logicalanalysis Realtimesys­ Expert sys­ Semantics for and fuzzy oflanguage tems tems.Machine logicprograms logic learning Intuitionistic Quantifiers in Constructive Intuitionistic Horn clause logic logic reasoning and logicisabetter logic is really proof theory logical basis intuitionistic.