Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis

<p>1 Introduction </p>

<p>1.1 Historical Review </p>

<p>1.2 Motivation </p>

1.3 Non-standard Approaches to BBN <p></p>

<p>1.4 Structure of This Text </p>

<p>References </p>

<p>2 The Standard Model of Cosmology </p>

<p>2.1 Theory of General Relativity </p>

<p>2.2 The Robertson-Walker Metric </p>

<p>2.3 The Friedmann Equation </p>

2.4 Astronuclear Reactions <p></p>

<p>2.4.1 Thermonuclear reaction rates </p>

<p>2.4.2 Nonresonant reactions </p>

<p>2.4.3 Resonant reactions </p>

<p>2.4.4 Inverse reactions </p>

<p>2.4.5 Rates of electron capture and b -decay </p>

2.4.6 Reaction rates and their uncertainties <p></p>

<p>2.5 Standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis </p>

<p>2.5.1 Overview of SBBN </p>

<p>2.5.2 Numerical calculations of SBBN </p>

<p>2.5.3 Observed abundance of light elements </p>

<p>2.5.4 Neutron lifetime </p>

<p>2.6 Another Observational Success of the Standard Model </p>

<p>References </p>

<p>3 Theories Beyond The Standard Model </p>

<p>3.1 Lepton Asymmetry </p>

3.1.1 Reaction rates between neutrons and protons <p></p>

<p>3.1.2 BBN with degenerate neutrinos </p>

<p>3.1.3 c2 analysis </p>

<p>3.2 BBN under the Brane Cosmology </p>

<p>3.2.1 Five-dimensional Einstein tensor </p>

<p>3.2.2 Friedmann-like equation </p>

<p>3.2.3 BBN on the brane </p>

<p>3.3 Phenomenological Variable L Models </p>

References <p></p>

<p>4 Modified Brans-Dicke Theory </p>

<p>4.1 Dynamics of BDL model </p>

<p>4.2 Parameters in the BDL model </p>

<p>4.3 Characteristics of a flat universe </p>

4.4 Constraints on the BDL Model <p></p>

<p>4.4.1 Constraints from BBN </p>

<p>4.4.2 Constraints from SNe Ia </p>

<p>References </p>

<p>5 Appendix A: Einstein Tensor </p>

<p>6 Appendix B: Thermal History in an Early Universe </p>

7 Appendix C: Numerical Approach to Calculate Nucleosynthesis <p></p>

<p>References </p>

<p>8 Appendix D: Some Useful Numbers </p>

<p>Index </p>

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