Southern Min (Hokkien) as a Migrating Language

1. Introduction.- 2. Multilingualism in drifting families.- 2.1 The overall migration history of a Hokkien family.- 2.2 The first generation: from Hokkien to Burma.- 2.3 Case I in the second generation: from Burma to Macao.- 2.4 Case II in the second generation: from Burma to U.S.A.- 2.5 Case III in the second generation: from Burma to Macao.- 2.6 Multilingualism and bilingualism in the families.- 2.7 Hokkien as a legacy of the drifting families.- 3. The rise and fall of Hokkien in Singapore.- 3.1 The glorious days of Hokkien in Singapore.- 3.2 Effects of language policy: the Speak Mandarin Campaign.- 3.3 Bilingualism in the new generation of Hokkien Singaporeans.- 3.4 The current status of Hokkien in Singapore.- 4. Taiwan: the haven for Hokkien?.- 4.1 The spread of Hokkien from Fujian to Taiwan.- 4.2 Loss of dominant status to Japanese and Mandarin.- 4.3 Language revitalization in Taiwan: reconstructing multilingualism.- 4.4 The future of Hokkien in Taiwan.- 5. The fate of Hokkien in its homeland.- 5.1 The status of Hokkien since 1949.- 5.2 Promotion of Mandarin in mainland China.- 5.3 Hokkien as an endangered topolect under transitional bilingualism.- 6. Conclusion​.