Introduction to Information Systems

Preface iii

1 Introduction to Information Systems 1
Opening Case 1
Introduction 3
1.1 Why Should I Study Information Systems? 4
1.2 Overview of Computer-Based Information Systems 11
1.3 How Does IT Impact Organizations? 19
1.4 Importance of Information Systems to Society 24
Summary 29
Chapter Glossary 30
Discussion Questions 30
Problem-Solving Activities 31
Closing Case 31

2 Organizational Strategy, Competitive Advantage, and Information Systems 34
Opening Case 34
Introduction 36
2.1 Business Processes 37
2.2 Business Process Reengineering, Business Process Improvement, and Business ProcessManagement 43
2.3 Business Pressures, Organizational Responses, and Information Technology Support 47
2.4 Competitive Advantage and Strategic Information Systems 58
Summary 66
Chapter Glossary 67
Discussion Questions 67
Problem-Solving Activities 68
Closing Case 68

3 Ethics and Privacy 70
Opening Case 70
Introduction 71
3.1 Ethical Issues 71
3.2 Privacy 78
Summary 88
Chapter Glossary 88
Discussion Questions 89
Problem-Solving Activities 89
Closing Case 90

4 Information Security 92
Opening Case 92
Introduction 94
4.1 Introduction to Information Security 96
4.2 Unintentional Threats to Information Systems 97
4.3 Deliberate Threats to Information Systems 100
4.4 What Organizations are Doing to Protect Information Resources 111
4.5 Information Security Controls 113
Summary 123
Chapter Glossary 124
Discussion Questions 125
Problem-Solving Activities 126
Closing Case 126

5 Data and Knowledge Management 129
Opening Case 129
Introduction 130
5.1 Managing Data 132
5.2 The Database Approach 134
5.3 Big Data 138
5.4 Data Warehouses and Data Marts 148
5.5 Knowledge Management 156
5.6 Appendix: Fundamentals of Relational Database Operations 158
Summary 166
Chapter Glossary 167
Discussion Questions 168
Problem-Solving Activities 169
Chapter Closing Case 169

6 Telecommunications and Networking 171
Opening Case 171
Introduction 173
6.1 What is a Computer Network? 176
6.2 Network Fundamentals 179
6.3 The Internet and the World Wide Web 184
6.4 Network Applications: Discovery 191
6.5 Network Applications: Communication 194
6.6 Network Applications: Collaboration 196
6.7 Network Applications: Educational 200
Summary 202
Chapter Glossary 203
Discussion Questions 205
Problem-Solving Activities 205
Closing Case 206


7 E-Business and E-Commerce 209
Opening Case 209
Introduction 211
7.1 Overview of E-Business and E-Commerce 211
7.2 Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Electronic Commerce 220
7.3 Business-to-Business (B2B) Electronic Commerce 228
7.4 Ethical and Legal Issues in E-Business 232
Summary 236
Chapter Glossary 237
Discussion Questions 238
Problem-Solving Activities 238
Closing Case 239

8 Wireless, Mobile Computing, and Mobile Commerce 244
Opening Case 244
Introduction 245
8.1 Wireless Technologies 246
8.2 Wireless Computer Networks and Internet Access 257
8.3 Mobile Computing and Mobile Commerce 264
8.4 The Internet of Things 269
Summary 273
Chapter Glossary 274
Discussion Questions 275
Problem-Solving Activities 275
Closing Case 275

9 Social Computing 278
Opening Case 278
Introduction 279
9.1 Web 2.0 282
9.2 Fundamentals of Social Computing in Business 289
9.3 Social Computing in Business: Shopping 293
9.4 Social Computing in Business: Marketing 299
9.5 Social Computing in Business: Customer Relationship Management 303
9.6 Social Computing in Business: Human Resource Management 304
Summary 307
Chapter Glossary 308
Discussion Questions 309
Problem-Solving Activities 309
Closing Case 309

10 Information Systems within the Organization 312
Opening Case 312
Introduction 313
10.1 Transaction Processing Systems 313
10.2 Functional Area Information Systems 315
10.3 Enterprise Resource Planning Systems 322
10.4 ERP Support for Business Processes 329
Summary 335
Chapter Glossary 335
Discussion Questions 336
Problem-Solving Activities 336
Closing Case 336

11 Customer Relationship Management and Supply Chain Management 338
Opening Case 338
Introduction 340
11.1 Defining Customer Relationship Management 340
11.2 Operational Customer Relationship Management Systems 345
11.3 Other Types of Customer Relationship Management Systems 349
11.4 Supply Chains 353
11.5 Supply Chain Management 355
11.6 Information Technology Support for Supply Chain Management 362
Summary 369
Chapter Glossary 370
Discussion Questions 371
Problem-Solving Activities 371
Closing Case 371

12 Business Analytics 374
Opening Case 374
Introduction 376
12.1 Managers and Decision Making 377
12.2 The Business Analytics Process 381
12.3 Descriptive Analytics 384
12.4 Predictive Analytics 38812.5 Prescriptive Analytics 396
12.6 Presentation Tools 399
Summary 403
Chapter Glossary 403
Discussion Questions 404
Problem-Solving Activities 404
Data-Driven Exercise 405
Closing Case 405

13 Acquiring Information Systems and Applications 408
Opening Case 408
Introduction 409
13.1 Planning for and Justifying IT Applications 410
13.2 Strategies for Acquiring IT Applications 413
13.3 Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle 418
13.4 Alternative Methods and Tools for Systems Development 423
Summary 429
Chapter Glossary 430
Discussion Questions 431
Problem-Solving Activities 432
Closing Case 432
Technology Guide 1 Hardware 434
Introduction 434
TG 1.1 Introduction to Hardware 435
TG 1.2 Strategic Hardware Issues 435
TG 1.3 Computer Hierarchy 436
TG 1.4 Input and Output Technologies 438
TG 1.5 The Central Processing Unit 440
Summary 445
Technology Guide Glossary 445
Discussion Questions 446
Problem-Solving Activities 446
Technology Guide 2 Software 447
Introduction 447
TG 2.1 Software Issues 448
TG 2.2 Systems Software 450
TG 2.3 Application Software 451
Summary 453
Technology Guide Glossary 453
Discussion Questions 454
Problem-Solving Activities 454
Technology Guide 3 Cloud Computing 455
TG 3.1 Introduction 456
TG 3.2 What is Cloud Computing? 457
TG 3.3 Different Types of Clouds 461
TG 3.4 Cloud Computing Services 463
TG 3.5 The Benefits of Cloud Computing 467
TG 3.6 Concerns and Risks with Cloud Computing 469
TG 3.7 Web Services and Service-Oriented Architecture 472
Summary 475
Technology Guide Glossary 475
Discussion Questions 476
Problem-Solving Activities 476
Technology Guide 4 Artificial Intelligence 477
TG 4.1 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence 477
TG 4.2 Artificial Intelligence Technologies 480
TG 4.3 Artificial Intelligence Applications 483
Summary 487
Technology Guide Glossary 488
Discussion Questions 489
Problem-Solving Activities 489

Appendix Apply the Concept Activities 490

Index 538