Paula Kemp received her master’s degree from the University of Groningen, the Netherlands in 2011.
Meer over Paula KempEnforced performance of commercial sales contracts in the Netherlands, Singapore and China
E-book Pdf met watermerkbeveiliging Engels 2020 1e druk 9789460944444Samenvatting
When commercial parties conclude a contract for the sale of goods, their main objective is to exchange the subject goods for the agreed purchase price. The civil law and common law traditions have adopted the notion that these contractual promises are binding and each has put in place specific instruments to protect the interests of both parties. However, while the civil law tradition
protects the interest in actual performance of the assumed obligations with a right to enforced performance, the common law tradition perceives the availability of enforced performance as a rarity.
This book explores the Dutch, Singapore and Chinese viewpoints on this issue by analysing the extent to which respective contract law principles balance out the interests of parties to a commercial sales contract in their principles surrounding the enforceability of performance obligations, and also how domestic solutions correlate to the approaches taken by global and regional sales and contract law instruments.
The main focus of this undertaking is to address the fundamental differences in approach to safeguarding the buyer’s performance interest in obtaining the very thing it bargained for, and the seller’s interests in protection against unjustifiable consequences
Specificaties
Lezersrecensies
Inhoudsopgave
Abbreviations xi
Table of cases xiii
Table of figures xxiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Research questions 8
1.3 Relevance 10
1.4 Approach 11
1.5 Terminology 15
2 Historical and contemporary fundaments of sales law 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Civil Code in the Netherlands 23
2.3 English common law roots in Singapore 26
2.4 A mixture of legal and cultural traditions in China 30
2.5 Conclusions 35
3 Ambit of a commercial sales contract 39
3.1 Introduction 39
3.2 Concept of a sales contract 39
3.3 Goods subject to sales law 49
3.4 Formation of an enforceable commercial sales contract 60
3.4.1 Introduction 60
3.4.2 Offer and acceptance model 62
3.4.3 Definiteness of the obligations assumed in an offer 70
3.4.4 Binding effect of offer and acceptance 80
3.4.5 Synallagmatic performances, cause or valuable consideration 87
3.4.6 Conclusions 95
3.5 Conclusions 98
4 General availability of enforced performance 101
4.1 Introduction 101
4.2 Historical and contemporary underpinnings of enforced performance 102
4.2.1 Introduction 102
4.2.2 Primary status of performance in the Netherlands 103
4.2.3 Exceptional nature of enforced performance in Singapore 116
4.2.4 A compromise of principles in China 125
4.2.5 Conclusions 143
4.3 Payment of the agreed price 148
4.3.1 Introduction 148
4.3.2 The right of action to obtain the agreed price in the Netherlands 149
4.3.3 An action for the price in Singapore 151
4.3.4 Right to demand payment in China 154
4.3.5 Conclusions 155
4.4 Non-monetary obligations 160
4.4.1 Introduction 160
4.4.2 Right to enforced performance in the Netherlands 161
4.4.3 The discretionary remedy in Singapore 164
4.4.4 Mixed approaches in China 175
4.4.5 Conclusions 179
4.5 Ancillary performance obligations arising from the principle of good faith 185
4.6 Conclusions 193
5 Specific failures to bring about a certain state of affairs 199
5.1 Introduction 199
5.2 Non-delivery of the goods 200
5.3 Failure in taking delivery of the goods 210
5.4 Discrepancy in quantity and quality 217
5.4.1 Introduction 217
5.4.2 Shortfall in goods 219
5.4.3 Repair and replacement 224
5.4.4 Inspection and notification duties 237
5.4.5 Conclusions 243
5.5 Conclusions 247
6 Barriers to the availability of enforced performance 251
6.1 Introduction 251
6.2 Impediments 252
6.2.1 Introduction 252
6.2.2 Initial impossibility 254
6.2.3 Subsequent impossibility 264
6.2.4 Hardship and performance being unreasonably burdensome or expensive 275
6.2.5 Conclusions 288
6.3 Delayed request for delivery 292
6.4 Limitation of the action 298
6.4.1 Introduction 298
6.4.2 The limitation period itself 299
6.4.3 Modification by agreement 305
6.4.4 Renewal and extension of limitation periods 308
6.4.5 The effects of expiration 311
6.4.6 Conclusions 314
6.5 Duty to mitigate in the form of a precautionary cover transaction 316
6.6 Supervision on enforcement 321
6.7 Conclusions 327
7 Enforcement measures 333
7.1 Introduction 333
7.2 Action for handing over the goods 334
7.3 Obtaining substitute goods at the expense of the seller 339
7.4 Judicial penalty 344
7.5 Contractual penalty 348
7.6 Conclusions 357
8 Derogatory agreements 361
9 Conclusions and recommendations 369
Bibliography 389
Index 409
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